Rear-view mirror with multiple interchangeable signals for vehicles with two, three, four or more wheels

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to a rear-view mirror for vehicles, which consists of compatible, combinable and exchangeable modules such as: (A) and (B), or integrated (A+B), functional, signal, lighting and sensor modules; and structural (C), (D) and (E) modules; cover-housing, body-housing and support which may include functional modules. (A), (B) and (A+B) fulfill their function even if the rear-view mirror is folded. They use a multifocal light source of LED&#39;s inserted into a flexible and orientable circuit and/or a mixed rigid-flexible circuit combining LED&#39;s+bulbs and other lighting elements, with variable optical and reflective means enabling more than one signal from one same transparent surface with direct light output, indirect-reflected light output and/or through intermediate optical light guides depending on the directions required in the front, the side, the back and the lateral ground for different commands, applications and safety signals.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of co-pending PCT Application No.PCT/ES01/00251 filed on Jun. 22, 2001, published in Spanish under PCTArticle 21(2), which claims priority to Spanish Patent Application No.200001834 filed Jul. 12, 2000.

This invention relates to a new side mirror which normally uses directand/or combined type optical systems, (mirrors, prisms, lenses and/orvideo camera). It is made up of signal producing and structural modules,of compatible shape and dimension, which cooperate with one another andcan be interchanged, to combine subassemblies and form different models,using common parts for different vehicles having 2, 3, 4, or morewheels. Said modules are assembled in an anti-theft arrangement, sincethere is no visible access thereto from the outside. Said modules aremade up of the following components:

Module (A), which emits and receives multiple light and sound signalsand other types, to and from its surroundings, has a wide horizontalangle, ranging from limit (000) in module (E), to limit (204) which isthe projecting side end at the apex formed between surfaces (1) and(66), shown in FIG. 1.

The innovative interior of this module offers various options fordirecting the light output and/or signal from the source that consistspreferably in LEDs (Light Emitting Diode), and/or LEDs+bulb, and/orLED+OLES (Organic Light Emitting Substrate), infra-red LEDs, and forreceiving signals through sensors, such as photodiodes, ultrasonic orradio frequency type sensors. Alternatives are shown of the direct,indirect and/or reflected by light conductors and/or reflecting surfacesoutputs.

Direct light uses a new multifocal light source, based on LEDs insertedin a flexible circuit which can adapt its shape, bend and adopt a 360°horizontal angle. However, in practice its operational angle ranges from0 to 240° according to the direction and angle of the signal to becovered (100), reserving an area of shadow for driver (200), as shown inFIGS. 1, 2, 3 and 5.

As a new option, indirect light avails of internal, transparent lightguiding bodies (150), between source (30) or (95) and external surface(1); the light moves in a one or two-way direction inside said bodies,diverting its trajectory at least once, until it is emitted as an outputsignal, becoming an optical part of the source, located as a focus at(32) and (32bis). The system also avails of the combined form ofindirect light reflected in elements (13) of reflecting parabola (12)surrounding focus or source (30) or (95), as shown in FIGS. 42, 61 to 68and 71 to 99.

In use, module (A) combines sound and light elements, invisibleemissions (infra-red or ultrasonic) and photodiode sensors that candetect the spectrum of the output signal and/or the light of day and so,new functions are appreciable with their corresponding control lightseven outside the module.

A new light output system is provided in zone (2), without prisms, seeFIGS. 3, 6, 7 and 37, that redirects light to the rear into area (100),and so, indirectly, driver (202) can easily see more than 10% of thepart of surface (1) that emits light to the rear, shown by projection(K1), but not direct light. Such part (1) does not colour because thelight signal is rectified, not diverted.

The options provided by this module include, output (51) as functioncontrol light, and output (4) only to the rear and preferably withinarea (F2), either as support for emitting/receiving elements (25-A,25-B, 25-C), as shown in FIG. 3, (ER), for detecting the presence ofpeople or vehicles in that signal area under any visibility conditions,and/or as a complementary signal to the vehicle's rearward signals andthe signals in area (3) which complement the signals in the front and/orin the reflecting area.

This area is also provided with the new anti-scratch surface, at level(0), projecting from the level of surface (1) in the end side area (2),as illustrated in the example in FIGS. 1, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 57, 68,71, 72 and 85.

Module (B) illuminates the ground to the sides to facilitate manoeuvringand perimetral security, and performs this function while still foldedin its parking position, either by means of a fixed system having fociarranged in different directions, or by means of a mobile system,capable of rotating between 0° and 180° on a horizontal plane.Preferably said module is motor and/or manually driven, and for improvedefficiency, it is provided with optical means to reflect and concentratelight. It can be used independently or as part of (A), as (A+B) and theversions thereof. Examples of this arrangement are shown in FIGS. 2, 4,5, 9, 10, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 121, 122, 124, 125,126, 130, 131 and 133.

Other modules such as (C), (D), (E) and (G) are structural partsintended to support, locate and attach the new functional modules.

Module (C) is the housing cover, which can be either painted and/ordecorated, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. In some versions, to facilitateassembly, (C) can be divided into 2 parts (C) and (C1), and/orincorporate other modules such as (A) and (B). Consequently, the modulewould be (C+A) and/or (C+B), and/or (C+A+B combined). Alternatively, (C)can be a cover substituting the signal module in mirrors not offeringthis function.

Module (D), housing, or (D+G) the integrated chassis and housing, is thecentral structure linking and strengthening the assembly of the overallsystem as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. In some variants, module (D) or (D+G)can have an outer surface, and support (A), and/or (B) or the combinedmodule (A+B).

Module (E) is a structural attachment support, linking the system to thedoor, body or cowling; and it is the base point around which the mirrorpivots when folded, if this option is foreseen. In this way, the modulecan adapt the system to various doors and holds the attached part ofmodule (A+, A1); and/or the combined module (A1+B) or (B+A1), as shownin FIGS. 1, 5 and 122 to 129.

In some versions, one module can also be mounted on top of another, forexample the combined module (A+B) can be mounted on (C1). Likewise, inturn, (C, and/or C1) is mounted on (D), that is, (D)+(C1)+(A+B).

Other parts are standard, and mostly manufactured by specialists; motorfor mirror folding movements, electrical or manual mirror glassoperation, mirror glass frames, flat or curved mirror glass, heater,pressure springs. Virtually all of these are assembled in module (D), or(D+G).

Specific vehicle controls and/or remote controls operate the signalmodules. These signals replace or complement those in another part ofthe vehicle. The electronic circuit provides new signals, doubleintensity, and/or combined, progressive or sequential switching up ofthe components, FIGS. 141 and 142, and/or photodiodes which complete theLED control circuit, or reciprocal warning signals.

The mirror comprising the signal modules provides new options insecurity and comfort in standard vehicles and/or with certain functions,helps to identify particular vehicles such as taxis, police cars, fireengines, cleaning or loading vehicles. It also enables vehicles orbodies to be detected inside risk area (100), in the proximity of thevehicle, basically in area (F2). The way in which the mirror isoperated, simplifies driving.

Exchanging the modules, simplifies altering the size and appearance ofthe mirror so as to adapt it to different vehicles, (i.e.: utility,industrial, sport, transport, 4×4, loading vehicles) and reducesmoulding and development costs, and part references. See FIGS. 6 to 13.

Some and/or all of the modules can be symmetrical and reversible (i.e.:can be used on the left or right hand side of the vehicle,indifferently), and/or they can be combined and standardised, as shownin the example (A+B), (A1+B).

PROBLEM AREAS

Several patents have been devised in connection with side mirrors, asthey are typically visible, projecting elements on the vehicle body, andthese specifications refer to how light signals are incorporated at theend thereof or in some part of their structure. However, none of thesepatents have had much commercial success, since they offer partialsolutions in one forward or rearward direction, and their price-qualityratio is poor owing to the complexity of the automobile industry, themirrors themselves, traffic conditions and user requirements.

Owing to determining factors in the industry, many of these patents areimpractical, only apply to luxury vehicles, and do not provide completesolutions.

There is the need to reduce costs and weight, simplify theindustrialisation process and increase reliability and efficiency; asystem is required that can withstand tough life cycle tests and reducepossible faults, breakages, aerodynamic resistance, aerodynamic andmechanical noise and fuel consumption.

There is the need to provide the product in an anti-theft arrangement,internally mounted, without visible screws, and that is easilyassembled, and resistant against vandalism, knocks and scratches. On theother hand, it must be easy to access and maintain, particularly if ithas a limited life like a light bulb. It should not have a dangerousshape, in case an accident occurs (i.e.: it should not be sharp,pointed, or rigid), but it should be aesthetically attractive.Essentially, it should increase security and, instead of being just adecorative element, it should facilitate various arrangements.

It must comply with the restrictions of approved industrial standardsconcerning mirrors and lighting signals, angles, photometry,colorimetry, location measurements and maximum and minimum angles, fieldof vision, possibility of using various types of mirror glass, curvedand flat, safety standards concerning mirror folding, resistance toknocks, breakages, sharp edges, adhesives and the effect the systemcauses if an accident occurs.

Furthermore, the problems affecting current mirrors are insufficientspace, too many elements contained within, reduced field of vision,various parts are required such as chassis and ribs for strengthening,anti-vibration elements, spring-based pivot mechanism for folding thewhole system, and some systems are motorised with gears, using a gearreducer or friction, and two motors are needed to move the mirror glass,and spherical or electrochromic glass is used which occupies more space,sealing is required against water, dust, heat, ice, saltpetre, chemicalproducts or UV rays, and others such as consumption, temperature loss,heater, traction cables for the manual version, electrical cables,connectors, temperature sensor, painted cover, memory units andprotection circuits, inter alia.

These economic and industrial requirements need to be considered, but,driver requirements are the most important, such as the followingoperational advantages:

providing and receiving as much information as possible from thesurroundings, at the front, sides, and rear, both in fast and slowtraffic, and even in pedestrian areas; not only illuminating the front,but also the side perimeter, to facilitate parking manoeuvres, personalsecurity, or less important tasks, or to provide information on thestate of the surrounding ground.

Owing to today's traffic conditions, drivers require more comfort,easier driving, elements aiding safer driving, non-distracting controls,safe, visible signals even in bad conditions, it is not enough withcomplying with standards minima.

The proposed, new mirror considers and responds to these conditions andproblems. The inventive step and new advantages it provides will behighlighted through an explanation of the particular solutions offeredby other patents.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a partial continuation of documents in theapplicant's collection of patents, and is the development basis of thenew product.

ES U9103354 Rodriguez Barros A./Rodriguez J. M. 1991, provides a clearexplanation of the purpose of the signal at the end of the mirror, beingshaped like an arrow, with said signal being visible in threedirections, to the front, the side and the rear, so as to provideturning and stopping signals, regardless of the operation of the mirrorand its mechanisms. However, this description fails to specify a systemfor changing or attaching a bulb, or a precise signal angle.

AR P 247154 Rodriguez J. M./Rodriguez Barros, A. 1994, is similar to theprevious utility model, and it mentions the option of a multi-lampsystem with progressive switching up, and claims the arrow shape,without detailing the assembly.

ES P9500877 Rodriguez J. M./Rodriguez Barros, A. 1995.

ES P9601695 Barros A. R. 1996, discloses the accurate adjustment of themultidirectional signal concept to the degrees the side perimeter of thevehicle is illuminated, for turning and braking signals and newapplications, such as the signal that warns when door is open, or thefog light and reversing light. It also refers to a function controllight through the mirror glass; an attachment and maintenance systemprovided with a bead edge, adhesive seal, clips and screws. Reference ismade to a dividing panel between the light function and the driver'sfield of vision, as well as other types of LED or neon lighting.However, no description is provided of the optical sources, or otherenergy sources. It proposes reducing the volume of said system which iscompatible with moveable mirrors and other internal elements.

EP 9651000.7 Barros A. R. 1996.

EP 820.900 Barros A. R., publication Jan. 28, 1998

PCT 97/00188 Barros A. R. 1997

All these applications were filed in the name of Ficosa InternationalS.A.

PRIOR ART

Other prior art applications:

U.S. Pat. No. 1,368,644 J. K. Mochizuki 1921

GB 207.271 John Edward Armstrong 1922

U.S. Pat. No. 2,295,176 Kelly 1942

These are very old and their concept is inapplicable, since the lightsignal is only visible to the rear and is dangerous as it shines in thedrivers' eyes. Also they are very bulky.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,457,348 P. A. Chambers 1946, discloses a signalprojected to the side and to the rear, however the panel separating thesignal from the driver is so wide that it is counterproductive andlimits mirror visibility. No further elements fit in the housing, andthe mirror is provided with fixed glass and does not fold.

U.S. Pat. No. 2,595,331 P. F. Calihan et al 1952.

In 1958, following the Geneva Convention, the International ApprovalRegulations were created standardising mirrors, light signals andvehicle categories. This led to different countries introducing smallmodifications in the traffic code, according to their directives,basically in three blocks: America, Europe and Asia.

No major developments are disclosed. The patents are based on conceptssimilar to previous registrations, without any significant embodimentdetails until the 90's. However, after 1992, the solutions beganintroducing changes, partly owing to know-how advances in designs,prototypes and presentations to the industry sector, vehicle and partsmanufacturers and official approval organisations.

GB 1.210.061 John Lacey Havill 1966

U.S. Pat. No. 4,475,100 Chin-Jeng Duh 1982

PCT/AU 88/00287 Peel, Robert 1988

These consider non-interference with the driver's vision, but alsopresent several inapplicable concepts since they are very bulky and donot consider any solutions for the inside of the mirror. External screwsare used and lighting surfaces that are impossible to approve. Someconsider the signal to the side and to the rear, while others onlyconsider it to the front and rear, without great angular accuracy. Themirrors project considerably to the side and would break easily, as thisis a critical area for scratches and knocks.

GB 2.161.440 A—Michael J. Cooke 1984

Japanese Utility Model Sho 60-161646 K. Suzuki et al., discloses asignal to the front and rear, with the rear output being limited by agrating, at a closed angle. This is impossible to approve and is verybulky.

DE 35 15 922 A 1—Yugen Kaisha Yamazaki 1985 wherein the signal isproduced to the side and rear.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,059,015 Donald Q Tran 1990

This offers a more simplified concept of an individual signal to theside, which is inapplicable, impossible to approve and, furthermore, itmentions a box for keeping articles.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,402,103 Tadao Tashiro 1991, discloses a shutter fordirecting the light and three light outputs to the side. However, apartfrom producing turbulence, it is impossible to approve or manufacture onan industrial scale.

GB 2.266.870 A—David Melville Louisson 1992

DE 4212258 Hopka Jens 1993

DE 9417510—U 1 Keil, Werner 1994

Since 1995, some new applications offering partial solutions have beenfiled, but they are expensive. Many are in the name of the mainmanufacturers who were probably motivated by know-how and theapplicant's design presentations to all car manufacturers in Europe andUS, promoted by Ficomirrors S.A.

DE 296 07 691 U 1 Chen, Chun-Mng Taichung TW Apr. 27, 1996, proposessignals to the front and side, but does not resolve assembly or mirrorinterior, and it is therefore impossible to approve.

EP 0738 627 A2 Patrick, Todd W. Apr. 22, 1996, claiming priority fromU.S. Pat. No. 426,591, date Apr. 21, 1995, Donelly Corporation. TheEuropean application was belatedly filed. It comprises a complex modulewith intermittent and rearward, brake light and gratings that restrictthe signal angle. This system is similar to U Sho 60-161646 Suziki andU.S. Pat. No. 5,402,103 Tashiro. It is impossible to approve andcomprises a fixed floor light of little use, because at a short distancethe area it illuminates is very reduced, although it does comprise anoptical diffuser. It requires a very bulky housing that extendsunderneath and enlarges the lower edge. It can be applied tonon-foldable mirrors or those used on large American cars, in which fuelconsumption is irrelevant. If a fault occurs, the whole system has to bechanged, which is very expensive.

Patents in the name of Donelly are intended to protect the constructionmethod rather than new concepts. They do not introduce inventive step tothe prior art, which is public knowledge. They contain several, veryrepetitive claims of the A+B+C type, concerning elements which arepublic knowledge and which are usually standard in lighting signals,such as regular lenses, red and amber colouring, the use of a fabricmembrane, contacts, etc. It reduces the volume of light towards thefloor, known as universal light. It consists of a sealed unit with atubular-shaped, standard lamp, but if a fault occurs, the completesubassembly must be changed, which is cumbersome. Nowadays, cars arestandard throughout the world, but not every country distributes thesame spare parts, and furthermore, in the case of exclusivesubassemblies, standard parts are more accessible on the market.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,371,659/93; U.S. Pat. No. 5,497,306/96; U.S. Pat. No.5,669,705/97; U.S. Pat. No. 5,823,654/98; U.S. Pat. No. 5,863,116/99 inthe name of Todd W. Patrick—Donelly Corporation. All of these patentsrefer to the intermittent signal in one single direction, rearwards, andits shape enlarges the lower part of the housing which, in turn,increases aerodynamic resistance. Furthermore, the signal is dangerousas it always shines in the driver's eyes.

EP 99650053.4 in the name of Donelly, the last in this group of patents,provides a three-way signal using LEDs and bulbs. However, the light isemitted in a radial direction, and is always located on the lower partof the mirror housing, making this element larger and, in turn, thisincreases volume and air resistance. It does not resolve lighting sourcesystems, or provide access for maintaining and assembling elements. Itis similar to above-mentioned GB 2.266.780 (FIG. 9), U1 GermanG9417510.1 (with a lower signal but only in one direction). It is alsosimilar to the concept and know-how of the applicant's patents AR 247154and ES P9601695, in so much as the three-way signal to the front, sideand rear. It also adds a light mounted on the glass, similar to theconcept proposed by competitor Robers, John K, PCT US 94/03363 andothers in that family of registrations. Its indirect, intermittentsignal cannot be controlled, and, furthermore, it would be dangerousbecause when looking in the mirror, the signal would shine in thedriver's eyes.

JP 62-191246(A) Kishosi Yamada, 1987, discloses a side light having onefocus, but it increases the lower edge of the mirror considerably anddoes not determine the location of the motors that produce the relativemovement of the various parts. It is impractical, particularly withrespect to temperature and aerodynamic noise.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,774,283 claiming priority from DE95/1038770 does nothave novelty and neither does it resolve the rearward signal output. Itis based on the applicant's registration ES P9103354.

DE 297 02 746 U 1 Reitter & Schefenacker Feb. 18, 1997 considers asystem for emitting the signal and light output to the front, side andrear, although only the latter is efficient. It is based on DE 35 15 922A 1—Yugen K. Yamazaki 1985 and ES P9601695, Barros, Alex R., 1996.

The signal is generated by side light at one end of the illuminatedsurface. The light passes along the surface and is emitted at the otherend. Although, this system occupies little space, it wastes more than70% of the original light input along the extensive surface. Tocompensate, it uses several LEDs in a flat, traditional circuit, butdoes not manage to produce a strong enough light, and during the daywhen the outside light is more intense than inside light, the signal isonly visible to the side and rear.

The principle of lighting the front of radio cassettes and dashboards inmotorcycles and cars is already public knowledge. The system is veryexpensive and it has a sharp, protruding edge, which cannot be approved,since it is a dangerous design. According to sphere test value of R=50mm, Reg. 46 for mirrors, EEC.

This document does not clearly specify the direction of the outputsignal—this is conceptual, and the attachment means and the detail ofthe projecting end of the housing as a dividing panel intended to createan area of shadow is similar to the applicant's module in ES P9601695Barros, A. R. 1996 and is based on the know-how presented therein, andon the concept of DE 35 15 922 A 1—Yugen Kaisha Yamazaki 1985, beingvisible to the side and to the rear to avoid accidents whenmotorcyclists overtake.

GB 2 338 693 Werner Katz et al. Daimler Chrysler AG June 1999

This is equivalent to the previous case of Reitter & Schefenacker, andit is possibly their supplier. It only proposes a double exteriorsurface based on a film with Fresnel lenses to improve the front output,but the effective signal angle at 60° to the side and rear is visible.During the daytime the front output is not effective, as also observedin the previous case.

EP 0873910 Gatthergood Dale Emery et al.—Britax INC. 1998

This is based on the applicant's registrations, ES U9103354 and ESP9601695. It is conceptual and does not introduce any novelty withrespect to the prior art and neither does it clearly specify thedirection of the output signal.

PCT/US94/03363 Roberts, John, K. claiming priority 1993. Muth Company.This proposes a relative solution that consists in applying an LED lightbehind the mirror glass with a micro shutter directing the light, sothat the mirror acts as a illuminating surface. The system is based onan application of U Sho 60 161646 Suziki, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,402,103Tashiro, and it is impossible to approve owing to the dangerousconsequences when knocked, since the glass would shatter in this area.It has a very limited light angle to the rear that does not cover theminimal angles required for category 5 lights approval, EEC RegulationNo. 6. It wastes a considerable amount of light energy and is expensive.In use, it reduces the field of vision in the mirror and this does notcomply with EEC Regulation No. 46 concerning car mirrors.

DE 19808139 A1 Magna Auteca Feb. 27, 1998 is similar to the applicant'sregistration ES P9651000.7, A. R. Barros, EP 820900 A. R. Barros, PCT97/00188 A. R. Barros and ES P9601695, A. R. Barros (in fact, this ismentioned in the search report) in so much as the light output, and itis similar to DE 297 02 746 U 1, but the light is generated by aperimetral neon tube, and this technology dates back to the 1930s/1940s.It is expensive, fragile and in order to operate, it requires anelectronic circuit and 1500 V current transformer, which increases thesystem weight. It can be an alternative for large, expensive vehicles,particularly if there are developments in neon tube technology. It isnot a very reliable system since faults occur easily, and when they do,the whole system has to be changed. The application of neon light isdescribed in the applicant's registration ES P9601695 (page 5, paragraph20 and claim 1, paragraph 11).

These applications do not cover all the above-mentioned problem areas,or if they do, they do so only partially. They provide some advantagesand disadvantages.

The proposed new modular mirror offers advantages that overcome allthese problems. Its functions respond to real user and industryrequirements, particularly in terms of improving safety and consumptionand reducing the relative cost of its use. Owing to its flexiblecomposition, it offers several style and product possibilities. Theinnovations concerning the light source and its combinations produce theoptimum light at a low cost.

DESCRIPTION, EMBODIMENT AND REFERENCES

The mirror introduces new construction methods for the signal modules (Aand B) and their various combinations.

Module (A) is a new, improved product defined by its shape, location,projection, use, interior and exterior design and the critical area oflight output to the rear.

Its variants are based on the light and signal source used and thecombinations thereof with a new combined flexible circuit (LEDs,LEDs+bulb, LEDs+OLES, photodiodes, LED-infra-red and/or other sourcesand sensors). Furthermore, variations can be achieved with the internaloptical light guiding elements that produce output with this direct,indirect and/or reflected light, considered an extension of the source.

Preferably, signal (A) is made up of the following parts:

The external transparent surface (1) or tulip-shaped lighting surface.

The internal reflecting surface (12), reflecting parabola.

The support part of the internal source (10), housing or inner cover.

The light source, electroluminescent light generating elements (30),(95), (80), (140), (34 bis) and (212).

The solid transparent bodies (150) between the source and (1).

Some design versions are the result of integrated and/or separated partswhich form assemblies (A+A1), (A+B), (A1+B) and (B+A1). These combinedparts are more economical, they are made from one single exteriorsurface (1), one single inner part (12) and/or (10), and share the samemixed circuit (20) and common negative connection, and can performmultiple functions.

(A1) is in (E) and/or in the area opposite the projecting end of themirror and complies with the conditions defining signal (A).

Module (A), and/or (A1) and variants thereof, is defined by thefollowing:

-   -   its design and location as an elongated signal projecting into        the void, located at the side of the vehicle body, seen either        to the front or to the rear, normally in the projecting part of        the mirrors in the middle of the housing, so that it does not        increase the volume of the mirror. The signal length is defined        by (L) and can extend from (000) on the vehicle body fixing        support, (E), to the intersection between (1) and (66) at the        side projecting end or apex (204). Furthermore, at this end,        level (0) extends beyond (1) to protect against knocks and        scratches.    -   its optical and lighting configuration as a multifocal signal        with three focal points that emit light at any wavelength to the        front, side and rear, preferably simultaneously, according to        functional requirements.    -   its use as a bi-functional signal; as (F1), the forward        projection area, or front spot, that complements the vehicle's        front signals; and (F2), the combined area to the side and rear        that complements the side and rear signals. Also, its mixed        circuit provides warning signals, using other emission and        reception means, either sonorous or ultrasonic; and/or a reverse        function whereby the system detects elements in the horizontal        signal area by emitting infra-red signals, coded or uncoded; and        receiving them in photosensors, or by emitting infra-red signals        to control gateways and barriers, and receiving them in a remote        control receiver and/or a temperature information sensor. Also        its emission/reception function in area (F1) can operate in        combination with the front spot on the other mirror to produce a        range finder that warns when another vehicle approaches in the        same direction.

Each of these functions is based on an integrated electronic circuitthat regularises the function.

-   -   its five orthogonal projections from surface (1) with respect to        driving axis (500) for any mirror design, height or position,        which are as follows:    -   Rearward projection (K1) in a plane perpendicular to (500) is        greater than 0.5 cm². It is always in the area from line (X) at        the end, FIG. 39. It has a smaller surface area than the other        projections from (1), but in the module (A1), (A1+B) and (A2+B),        the surface area may be larger.

Rearward projection (K2) at 45° in a plane at 45° to (500), is alwayslarger than 4 cm².

-   -   Side projection (K3) in a plane parallel to (500).    -   Forward projection (K4) at 45° in a plane at 45° to (500), and        generally having the largest surface area in any variant of (A).    -   Forward projection (K5) in a plane perpendicular to (500).    -   Its appearance and design, as shown in FIGS. 6 to 13; (A) can be        shorter and simpler, including only (L3 or L2+L3) at the side        end, offset upwards or downwards with respect to the middle of        the mirror, in accordance with its definition.        If the mirror is not foldable/moveable, it is made up of one        single part, and at least one of the following three parts;        (L1), the signal on the support and/or front spot, (L2), the        relief, catadrioptic area and/or front spot, and (L3), the        signal to the side and rear, on level and/or off level, that        produces projections (K1) and (K2), as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3,        4, 5 and 40, 41 and 42, and includes submodule (4).

The part of surface (1) of (A) that generates projection (K1) and therearward signal, is comprised in an end area defined by line (X) thatpasses through the intersection points (X1) and (X2) on the housing, theradius of which is equivalent to half the distance between its upper andlower tangent, plus 20%; and the centre of said radius is the middlepoint on the vertical tangent at the side end. The area extends fromline (X) towards the end leading away from the vehicle body. This isshown in FIGS. 6, 9, 13 and 39 (A, B, C).

These areas do not always have the same optical solutions and/or lightsource, even though they are comprised in the same lighting surface (1),because the systems can be combined to emits one single signal in one ofthese areas.

Providing (A) complies with its functional definition, it can have avertical configuration, according to the design variant and availablespace. This is shown in FIGS. 118 to 121, illustrating an optical,reflecting system spiralled on the vertical axis to produce the signalat all angles of (A).

If the mirror can be folded, see references (15) and (16), module (A) isdivided into two parts; (A1) on the attachment support (E), normallyprovided with the same signals and functions as part (A), permits thesame image and lighting as an integrated part from (L1) to (L3). It canexist as (A1) without (A), and combine with (B), forming (A1+B).

The wiring (17) is characterised in that it passes through the centre ofrotation axis (60) of folding mechanism (15) of the housing,irrespective of the system and shape of the signal, if it is a supportarm as in motorcycles for the centre of joint (16) in orifice (60) forsuch purpose, with a rotation stop (61) to prevent the cable from beingstrangled. See FIGS. 11, 12, 13, 43, 100 and 127. If the mirror is notprovided with an axis-based folding mechanism, and/or the module inquestion is (A1+B), wiring (17) and (18) does not need to pass through(60). Also, similar to designs for motorcycles, lorries or sports cars,where the body of the mirror comprises an elongated support armassociated with the housing, the signal can be integrated in said arm,thus fulfilling the definition parameters. This is illustrated in FIGS.9, 10 11, 12 and 13. Furthermore, in the event these arms have foldingor rotation movement, wiring (17) will always pass through orifice (60)in the central axis of the rotation system (15).

None of these design variations changes the effect produced byprojecting the signals at least 5 metres, on a photometry plan, from theemission focus, as shown in FIG. 2.

Modules (A), (A1) and (A+B) are positioned as lateral projections andtherefore emit and receive signals to and from various directions,possibly simultaneously, for the left and/or right sides of the vehicle,and in some cases, according to the specific function, both sidessimultaneously, preferably to the front, side and rear, (A, A1, 2, 3, 4and B) and according to the horizontal angle required for the approvalof each signal or for several combined signals integrated within onesame module and under one same lighting surface (1), or according to themultifocal area for lighting the side when the mirror is folded in itsparking position. See (A1, B) in FIGS. 2, 3, 4. Module (A) generateslight at an angle between 0° and more than 180° with respect to thedriving axis, normally 45°+180°−10°, without the light shining in thedriver's eyes. This is based on the concept proposed in the applicant'sregistration, ES U9103354, and extended as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, wherethe signal is projected along planes X=+1, Z=−1 and, Y=−1 without anyinterference from the vehicle body.

Module (A) complies with EEC Regulation N^(o) 6 concerning pilot lights,which requires a minimum horizontal angle of 55° with respect to drivingaxis (500) and a light intensity of 0.6 candela (cd.), see FIG. 3.Furthermore, the module complies with regulations in other countries fordifferent pilot lights and signals to the front, side and rear, withoutchanging its appearance, that is, maintaining the same exterior surface(1), see FIGS. 3, 4, 42 and 43.

According to the type of vehicle, module (A) signals complement and/orsubstitute one or various signals, preferably the intermittent sidepilot, category 5 of EEC Regulation No. 6; J 914 SAE; and/or front andrear intermittent lights for turning and/or braking, intended forvehicles having 4 wheels or more; pilot, categories 1 and 2, and signalsderived therefrom; emergency lights and manoeuvre and movementindicators according to EEC Regulation No. 6, SAE J914, SAE J915, Japan,Article 41.

Module (A) signals can also complement and/or substitute front and rearpilots, or only the front light on motorcycles, bicycles, tricycles orderivations thereof, if feasible according to design and if the safetyfactor complies with EEC Regulations Nos. 51, 52 and 53. Therefore thesignal is projected further as shown by arrows (3), (3 bis) and (4). SeeFIGS. 3, 4, 11 and 46.

The signals operate by means of a resistor circuit (306), see FIGS. 141and 142, which reduces the current to obtain two light flow intensities,that is, two signals with the same elements, one at low intensity,20/30%, and the other at 100% current. Bright LEDs are used for thesefurther projecting signals, and to improve performance, convergentlenses (6) or concentric prism lenses (Fresnel lenses), reflected spot(3 bis) and/or submodule (4) are placed at the outlet, as shown in FIGS.6 to 13, 46 and 81 to 110.

In the preferred embodiment, module (A) uses LED chips as the lightsource, LEDs with special optics (see FIGS. 32, A, B, C, D, E) and/orlamps, microlamps or tubular, halogen, minixenon, flash, neon, OLED orOLES lamps, and other lighting elements. For other types of signals andfunctions, the mixed circuit can include sonorous diodes, infra-redLEDs, radio frequency or ultrasonic emission elements; photodiodesensors having a visible spectrum wavelength in the range of 350 and1150 nm and temperature (T1), and/or timers, and/or circuits analysingthe received signal.

In special vehicles or in order to perform other functions, the modulehas a particular inner structure that can use a joint circuit with acombination of elements for the same or different function. For example,bulb+LED, or OLES, as shown in FIGS. 100 to 110, there being a commonnegative connection in each case.

The basic functions are the light signals, where light output (32) fromany type of source, can be direct, direct reflected, indirect and/or thecombination of more than one of these solutions.

Indirect light is produced within solid, transparent light guidingbodies (150), that are normally elongated and cylindroid type, anddivert and alter the light by more than 10°, and by more than 10% withrespect to the primary beam (32).

Light is absorbed inside these bodies by surface (156) or (6) andreflects inside at a low incident angle until, when colliding with apolished surface inclined at 45° with respect to its trajectory or innerprism (155), it changes direction and exits (32 bis). See FIGS. 71 to99. The shape of these bodies is defined by their dimensions, (D2) orthickness, greater than 0.8 mm; (L1) or length, greater than 10 mm; (D4)or width, greater than 0.8 mm, and also by their position because theyare inside the module, between the source and surface (1), separated bya distance (D1) greater than 1 mm and (D3) greater than 0.5 mm. SeeFIGS. 74-A-B, 76-A-B, 78 and 79.

The new indirect output is also a bi-directional light, travelling alongopposite directions, (T) to (R) and (R) to (T).

There can be individual light guiding bodies for an LED and/or a lamp,placed at each end, or for more than one LED, and as a result signals ofmore than one colour can be produced in the body and on surface (1).

In a simplified version, there can be one-way travel inside the body,with the entrance at end (T), partial output along its trajectory at (32bis) when reflecting against prisms (155) and the remaining lightreflects against plane (155 bis), similar to a prism, that truncates theend of the body that can be either cylindrical or irregular.

The light conductors can reflect the light more than once and make itdevelop at different levels by means of a lenticular output surface (1bis) and (6 bis), smooth or irregular (1A) and (1B), as shown in FIGS.78 to 85.

The bodies (150) can also reflect light by means of a reflecting coveron surface (12 bis), see FIGS. 78 and 80, preferably made from titaniumdioxide or the like; or it can comprise an adhesive or serigraphed covermade from Baytron type electroluminescent polymer, as illustrated inFIGS. 104 to 107.

Module (A) can also comprise intermediate internal transparent bodies,but in order to produce direct optical effects, as shown in FIGS. 61 to67, or optical effects that multiply front vision of the light focus,which becomes an optical part of the source, as shown in FIGS. 68 to 70,or directly LEDs with special design optics to concentrate or diffusethe chip light, as shown in FIGS. 27 to 33 and the variants thereof.

All the variants of the internal light guiding bodies (150) between thesource and surface (1), regardless of their shape, maintain a distance(D1) to produce a contrast against external light and optimise daylight.Furthermore, the bodies are subjected by pressure from teeth or clips(8) and positioned on the internal walls of (A).

Inner surface (12) which surrounds bodies (150), is not always chrome ortotal chrome, since it can also be dark chrome or tinted varnish and/orany other colour, or black, and/or preferably it has a non-glossyfinish, so as to avoid reflecting the exterior light and increasing thecontrast. See FIGS. 73 to 77, 81 to 86 and 89.

The distance (D2) of bodies (150) from the bottom of module (A) ischaracteristic and design dependent in order to produce a depth effect.

In FIGS. 51 and 142, module (A) comprises an optional system having anindependent, emergency power supply, which is disclosed in theapplicant's registration, ES P9601695, that consists of at least oneintermittently flashing LED, that is powered by the rechargeable battery(72) that is constantly charged from the main electricity connection.

Charging and running the system is regulated and connected automaticallyby circuit (74), by interrupting the current. The battery can also beactivated voluntarily by a reversing switch (73).

The operation thereof can be synchronised with the connection of analarm, which also serves to draw attention to the width of the vehiclewhen it is parked.

The base of the LED circuit comprises at least one photodiode having asensitivity range greater than 750 nm (infra-reds) (25), which receivescommands from control (360), and a circuit that decodes the signalreceived so that it acts as a connection indicator for the alarm andcentralised locking system, and connects the motors controlling themovement of module (B).

Area (3) of surface (1) in module (A), see FIGS. 1, 7, 8 and 51, canundergo reflecting treatment according to the catadrioptic regulation,and the colour thereof will correspond to the direction of orientation,and/or a low relief sign or logo is attached to this area by means ofany usual graphics technology or serigraphy, with methacryllate having ametallic background of lettering for the inside, against a paintedbackground, and/or a low relief or etching on surface (12) underneathsurface (1) in area (3).

Special functions are also applied to this area, such as two brightnessintensity signals, with more powerful LEDs, front spot with aconcentrated light beam or flashing mechanisms with dischargethyristors, stroboscopic effect, and/or mini xenon lamps for specialfunctions such as emergency, fog or running lights. Furthermore, whitelight can be produced by means of the RGB effect (red-green-blue),superimposing three light colours.

The catadrioptic effect of area (3) created by inner pyramids or prismsat 45°, can use truncated pyramids, thus producing a mask that fulfilsthe double function of letting light from inside pass through whilereflecting light from the outside (3 bis), and can be applied to thewhole of surface (1) thus hiding the light source. See FIGS. 108 to 114.

Module (A) offers the option of a light source with a mixed LED and OLEScircuit, in which the LEDs are applied to the light that must be moreconcentrated, and the OLES are applied to the light that has to besuperficially more uniform (34) since it is a flexible, plastic supportsubstrate, preferably made from polyester (N) that contains anelectroluminescent polymer semiconductor substrate (N3) between twometallic tracks, and when a potential difference occurs between thetracks, it produces light (32) according to the established design orshape (34 bis). The OLES or OLED circuit is flexible and is less than 2mm thick.

In order to shape the reflected light output, module (A) uses micromirrors (13) on surface (12), including a collimator that diverts anddiffuses outwards more than 10% of the light produced by any type ofsource. See FIGS. 50, 56, 57, 100 to 102; 120 and 121. It can also usespot type, double reflection, consisting of an inverted divergent typereflector applied to the source (12 bis), that reflects light towardsanother larger or main parabolic reflector (12), normally of theconvergent type, as shown in FIGS. 92, 93 and 121-B.

Module (A) can use a combination of various light output options,including sources and optics, whereby it can create new design shapes,sensations and aspects for the output light.

Module (B)

See FIGS. 2, 4, 5, 110 to 112, 114 to 118, 120 to 140. This is a shortdistance light at a large angle, that illuminates the side area next tothe vehicle. Normally, the mirror is between 80 and 100 cm high. It issafe and comfortable and can be applied to tasks such as changing thewheels or looking for the keys. It needs to diffuse the light withoutlosing intensity, and achieving this with just one single focus can leadto temperature-related problems, because a powerful focus has to be usedto distribute more candelas in the side area, but the focus has areduced volume, and so it may lead to overheating problems.

The new proposed options overcome this problem by means of a combinedsystem that comprises an air circulation channel or duct with watertrap, the mass of metal acting as cooler and heat diffuser (510),chimney (560) and chassis (D) having surface contact in (568) and (588)for a halogen lamp (212), see FIGS. 134 to 140. Optionally, the systemcomprises a timer (310) that limits the time switched on, as shown inFIGS. 35 and 36.

In the LED version, the base circuit (20) has a metallic support adheredto the positive track, and owing to its proximity it dissipates the heatgenerated by the high brightness LEDs cathode (30), and establishes achannel or duct of upward ventilation owing to thermal difference, withinput in (266) with water trap, or (265) and output in tower (560),which helps to constantly remove calories from the module. See FIG. 137.

This new module includes a fixed or mobile option consisting of a lightdiffusing system based on several foci and more than one LED or lamp,preferably facing in different directions and at different angles, sothat, even when the mirror is folded, the same function can be performedaccording to the groupings (111) and (222). By separating the focalpoints, the light is optimised, distributed more efficiently, occupiesless space and also guarantees performance of the function should theelement burn out.

In some versions, the W10W bulb can be replaced with two W5W type bulbsto reduce the height. The module is based on a double lamp support ofthe type having a clipped cover (600), which can comprise timer (310),the ventilation outlet and simplify the cables with a common negativeconnection, even for sensors such as the temperature probe (T1) includedin (B) o (A+B). See FIGS. 35 and 36.

In order to achieve greater efficiency, the module includes a rotary,adjustable option comprising a single and/or multiple foci light source.It includes at least two mutual mobile parts, the fixing ring to body(251) and the rotation ring supporting the motor or manual rotation base(270), as shown in FIGS. 135, 136, and the thermal channel fordissipating heat and refrigeration (266) and (267). The module is achrome reflecting parabola (264), with the machined, reflecting,micro-mirror collimator (265) that multiples the focal points,interchangeable lamp (212), of the halogen, tungsten or minixenon type,and lamp support (211), light concentrating optic (263) smooth orprism-based (274); and ring (251) which links the module to the housingby means of clips (261), projection (250) that regulates pressure toavoid vibrations, screws (258) between the two half parts, the part thatrotates with respect to the mirror housing being fixed by the conicalflanges (260) and (254). Flexible tooth (214) provides a stop wherebyscales of different positions of horizontal rotation can be obtainedbetween 0° and 180°, and it can be activated manually by the roundedlever (262).

The different versions thereof are based on the light source, which canbe fixed or mobile:

The type with one focus:

A—Manual, rotation. FIGS. 132 to 140.

B—A single motor, rotation. FIG. 138.

C—Manual with halogen lamp and in contact with (D) as cooler. FIG. 134.

The type with more than one focus:

A—Fixed foci with bulbs, FIGS. 114 to 117 and 130 to 132, preferably ofthe 5 or 6 W type, and either ordinary bulbs or alternative technologybulbs (such as xenon), or LEDs with temperature dissipation facility.

B—Rotary with LEDS on support with greater metallic mass as coolerand/or source of a bulb or more, the same as in point A, FIG. 136.

The motorised version can also be operated manually.

The motorised version operates by remote control (360) or by means of acommand (351) located inside the door coincident with the command fordirecting the mirror, but which is energised by a three-point invertingswitch (352) for this movement.

The memory-based version is also activated in reverse and first gear tofacilitate parking and illuminate the ground to the side, thussynchronising the manoeuvre. This synchronisation can also be achievedwith (B) fixed and two foci facing in different directions.

In the more powerful halogen lamp based versions normally the lightingsurface (263) and housing (264) are made from the same material, i.e.:glass, and they are sealed. The interior is chrome to facilitatereflection, and the lamp assembly is retained by teeth (8) pressed bythe safety ring (64). Maintenance is easy because module (B) is separatefrom the housing, as shown in FIG. 134.

Module (C) and versions thereof (C1) show the finishing cover which isnormally painted, but can be covered with a film having a grid-likedesign, drawings, graphics or logos, in turn, coated with a transparentfinish and protection varnish. See FIG. 132. The cover is normally fixedwith clips (170) and (550) whereby outside assembly is fast. It isindependent from other modules. For maintenance purposes, screwdriver(F) is placed in between glass (50) and housing (D) provided with edge(171) which is a flap of clip (170), which acts as an anti-theft device.(The unit cannot be disassembled from the outside). Parts of the signalmodule requiring maintenance can be accessed by disassembling the unit.See FIG. 132.

Cover (C) can comprise characteristic external surfaces with aerodynamicchannels, or low relieves, as a stylised version.

Embodiment

Its construction and assembly are simple. The mirror modules areinterchangeable and can be combined, and the signals do not alter theouter appearance, whereas, the inside contains options for the source,light output, non-visible signals and sensors. There are three basicstages in the construction of the new modules (A), (B) and (A+B).

1. The structure composed of outer surfaces (1), internal housing (10)and the interconnections, fixing and shape features and access forchanging parts (17), (39), (8), (9), (600), (P1), (DC), (50). See FIGS.39, 40 and 42.

2. The composition of the circuit/source, components, flexible base,mixed circuit, LEDS, OLES, bulbs, sensors, photodiodes, LEDs, IR,operation circuits (20), (30), (32), (25), (310), (95). See FIGS. 32 to38.

3. The optical variants, reflection elements, light conductors, andintermediate optics (6), (7), (12), (13), (150), (155).

Housing (D) or chassis-housing (D1), glass (50), support (E), cover (C),light signals (A), (A1), (B), in combination, enable different productsto be formed for different vehicles. For example, berline, sport,loading, compact and luxury versions, with more or less sophisticatedoperative equipment according to requirements. Furthermore, the shape,size and colour can be changed, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 13.

This is due to the new signal modules (A), (A1) and/or (A+B) which eachhave a different inner configuration, but coincide in so much as theparts of the mirror are concerned, such as the edges (11), perimeters,surfaces, fixing and assembling systems (8) and (9). In this way,development and moulding costs are reduced, and various design andoperational configurations can be achieved with equal investment. SeeFIGS. 5, 7, 9 and 10, 43, 46, 49, 51, 52, 57, 71, 87 and 97.

In the preferred version, modules (A) and (B) offer a new interiorconfiguration which consists of at least an LED circuit as signalsource. See FIGS. 14, 33, 46, 104, 123-B, 136.

The circuit is printed onto a flexible base (20) onto which LEDs (30)and other elements are inserted to produce and receive different typesof signals according to the required function, whether directly,indirectly and/or reflected, thus occupying a minimum space.

The general construction of the mirror defines the shape of the modules.Module (A) normally has an integrated outer shape (1), (2), (3) and (4),which is standard and can adapt to different mirrors without projectingfrom the level of the general surface of the housing, however if it doesproject it constitutes surface (66) in accordance with a designrequirement in area (2), and projects the critical distance (DC) so thatlight can pass and maintain the rearward signal projection (K1).Furthermore, preferably there is a height difference (0) on the lightingsurface (1) to protect against knocks and scratches, in the same way asthe height difference between (66) and the edge of housing (61).

On the outside, the lighting surface comprises a smooth, transparentplastic surface, normally colourless (1), and the signal colour isachieved by emitting light from the LED, neon, flash masked microlampsor OLES, which are colourless when switched off; or indirectly by thesecond inner light reflected in the front side area (13), as shown inFIGS. 43, 46, 48, 49, 50, 61, 68, 87, 105, 108 and 112.

The standard material that is used today for part (1) is PMMA, PC, or atransparent polymer, with a emission coefficient of 0.95 which isconsidered optimum, and sometimes it is machined on the inner facethereof, preferably, in the form of vertical prisms (7), total orpartial, or a combination of Fresnel, prisms and convergent lenses (6)and (7), as in FIGS. 8, 11, 41, 42, 46, 51, 96, 102 and 114 variablealong the extension of surface (1) and in accordance with the angle,signal and approval regulations for complement or substitute pilots.

In some cases it does not include machining, and the surface is almostsmooth and transparent. However, the inner bodies (150) are machinedwith prisms (155) or lenses (6). See FIGS. 61 to 93.

In other cases, the optics are conditioned to make the signal moreeffective; like the new solution and the variants thereof, at the end ofsignal (F2), the detail in area (2) to rectify rearward projection (K1),see FIGS. 1, 3, 8 and 40, 41 and 42, and obtaining the non-colouredlight in that area so that it does not affect the driver, although, insome cases, more than 10% of the surface producing the light can beseen. However, the signal is re-distributed by the combination of opticsin this area (2), so as to differentiate area (100) with light, fromarea (200) in shadow, for the driver. This is the preferred embodimentof the applicant's application AR-P247154, Rodriguez J. M./RodriguezBarros A. and ES P9601695—Barros A. R. where the edge of the housing andits inner parabola act as a panel separating the illuminated area fromthe non illuminated area, with respect to the driver's eyes.

The light source is made up of various light generating elements,basically a minimum of two high brightness LED chips (30), connected toat least one series and/or various series in parallel arrangement.

The source can be made up of light generating elements of a differenttype forming one single mixed circuit, for example LEDs+lamps and/orLEDs+OLES. If an element or series fails, the other parts guarantee thatthe basic function will be maintained.

An electricity surcharge protection circuit, based on resistors anddiodes (22), also designed to stabilise current so that each LEDreceives the same current regardless of the fact that it is arranged inseries, and to avoid the premature ageing cycle of the LED chip. In thisway, it guarantees optimum performance and long life. See FIGS. 19, 20,33 and 35.

In some cases, it comprises a microcircuit (81) or (310). See FIGS. 33,34, 35 and 52 which can organise the switch on, switch off, sequences,frequencies and time, for example, of the two way signal that warns whena body or vehicle is present in area (100) by decoding a certainwavelength received in photodiode (25-A), (25-B), (25-C), submodule (4),FIGS. 6 to 13, or reflected ultrasonic wave frequency; and/or acomplementary sonorous diode (70), see FIGS. 43, 46, 47, 52 and 53, todraw the attention of those in a pedestrian area, with their back to thesignal and/or another buzzer (66), see FIG. 141, or to draw theattention of those inside the car and control and give warning ofspecial functions, the pre-braking light (301) for highway driving,located among the highway commands (300), submodule (4), see FIGS. 141and 142, and/or the door opening (303) warning light. These components(30) are inserted onto circuit (20), by welding, clips or ultrasound(29) and (39), as shown in FIGS. 24, 29, 30 and 31, onto a base of veryflexible material, a sheet of fibreglass having a thickness, preferably,less than 2 mm, of treated polyester, soft metal or similar (20), asillustrated in FIGS. 14 to 19 and 33 to 35, that withstands the weldingtemperature, the pressure of the clip machining or melting byultrasound. The welding is of the SMD superficial type, or perforatesthe base plate.

As an option, and in some cases for dissipating heat or for aesthetics,circuit (20) can be mixed, i.e.: one stiff part, adhered to a metal baseto dissipate the temperature, or a combination of two materials, onemetal and the other fibreglass or polyester.

In this way, a mixed light source can be created with new design andfunction possibilities for a light element.

The new flexible base (20) adapts to different surfaces, curved and/orflat, regular and irregular or a combination of both, and adopts theshape of the guide support, and in this way, a greater light emissionangle is obtained than the actual LED used unitarily, directly,indirectly and/or reflected.

The signal obtained is the product of a series of connected foci, thesum of the light emission angles of each LED, and the orientation ofeach element along the surface (1) is studied. The signal is homogeneousirrespective of the shape of (A) and occupies minimum space. See FIGS.16, 19, 31, 43 and 47.

On the other hand, if for stylistic reasons, it is not necessary thatsurface (1) be homogeneous, mixed optic variants and/or sources can beused, while still fulfilling the regulation signal function andproducing a heterogeneous, contrasted, irregular, sectioned andparticular light, using new tubes, lenses and/or specially designedcannon-shaped foci. See FIGS. 46, 53 to 55, 65 to 70, 93 to 95 and 100to 105.

In order that each LED is orientated as required and can adopt scalepositions in a minimum space, the flexible base is provided with slits(21), see FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, which permit accordion-like stretchingmovements, twisting, height differences, scales, wings and radicalflexing at angles between 0° and more than 45°. See FIGS. 14 to 19.

To achieve a greater or inferior light intensity, side mounted LEDs canbe combined (30-A), with the light being emitted at 90° with respect tothe base plate and the LED is considered as an electronic component, andtherefore, a mixed signal circuit with LEDs and/or different typeelements is included. See FIGS. 31, 33, 34 and 35.

For an even better signal, with an individual LED, the optic surroundingthe chip is given a new shape, with particular developments that eitherconcentrate or diffuse the light, and at the almost microscopicproportions of the light generating chip, using 20 mA and up to 350 mAchips or greater. See FIGS. 24 to 30 and FIGS. 23, 30, and 32.

The LED generates the light by means of a P-N connection on a microchipof different semiconductor substrates, and it is applied by vaporisationin a high vacuum on a transparent base. Al In GaP generate red, orange,yellow preferably, between 580/635 nm. The chip is square and/orrectangular and small (0.1 mm×0.1 mm approximately), consequently thelight source is considered to be theoretically concentrated.

The beginning of the signal is the wavelength produced between the anodeand the cathode of this chip, and accordingly, this wavelength is thelight colour we perceive, that avails of the energy with an electron tophoton conversion factor of 55 to 80%, which is between 5 and 14 timesgreater than the incandescent lamp (according to the wavelength) whichis only 11% efficient at the same current and furthermore, dissipatescalorific, infra-red and UV radiations, which leads to a greaterconsumption of energy for the same result.

However, it has a disadvantage because its light emission angle issmall, in one direction, and it is not radial like the incandescentbulbs. As a solution and novelty in terms of the signal requirements,optical bodies (150) are placed between the chip and outside surface(1), and therefore the disadvantages are now advantages.

The light energy obtained is very limited, i.e.: between 1.5 and 5 lmper LED. In order to obtain sufficient light for a signal, several LEDsneed to be used in a multifocal system, as illustrated in FIG. 31, withthe new mixed flexible circuit re-directing each LED towards a sphericalstereoradian sector of rectangular projection. See FIGS. 21 and 22, 29,30 and 32. A new optic, preferably oval-shaped is used, with cylindricalsection (36) and/or irregular convergent lenses that project the lightoutput (32) with the amplitude determined by (33), with proportionbetween diameters D1=3 on (45); by D2=4 or greater on (44), with (45)always being a larger vertical angle between +10° and −10° (from theintersection of (D1) with (D2); and (44) a horizontal angle that isequal or greater than the vertical.

In this way, the light is distributed from the beginning at an optimumangle, in rectangular projection (111), see FIG. 22, coincident withphotometry regulations for vehicle signals, which is between +15° and−15° in the vertical direction and a larger angle in the horizontaldirection. If the view of a classic LED or optics (38) in FIG. 21 iscompared with the new ones (36) shown in FIGS. 26, 27, 28 and 29, thelight is used more efficiently.

Using the same principle, light emission can be optimised by means of anew rectangular-shaped chip (34) or two adjacent square-shaped chips inone same capsule and on one same base (35) and optic (36), and emissionis equal to that of a rectangular chip in one same capsule. The chipsare provided on a reflecting base, preferably rectangular or oval (35)or (43), slightly concave (35-A), which also acts as an element forremoving heat from the capsule by one or more pins of type (39)including those corresponding to the two poles, positive and negative,preferably, the positive pole. See FIGS. 29 and 32-G.

The chip receives the current connecting the anode and cathode to bases(40) and (41), and by means of micro cable (42), being fixed to circuit(20) by contacts (39) and welding (29) being in the positive pole (+)where temperature increase or overheating occurs that reduces the lightperformance. In order to overcome the problem, the positive pole (+) isexpressly connectedly to a metallic track (28), wider than the negativepole (−) and in this way the temperature increase is dissipated. SeeFIGS. 14 to 35. However, as for high brightness LEDs such as those usedin lighting module (B), see FIGS. 4, 33, 131, 136 and 137; and 3 bis ofFIG. 46, a metallic base (20) with greater mass and thickness is used,which being adhered to the tracks of the support circuit acts as acooler and, optionally, if required, a ventilation canal with input in(265) and (266) and outlet in (560).

Light is visible to the human eye in a sensitive spectrum ranging from400 to 780 nm wavelength and when this wavelength is varied differentcolours are produced. The latest generation LED chips, given itscomposition, produce almost all wavelengths, including different toneswithin a colour, and light intensity is 30 to 100 times greater than intraditional LEDs used as operation control lights in electronicequipment, and they range from 1.5, 2, 3, 5 lumens or more per unit,with energy consumption between 50/80/150 mA for a unitary voltage of2.1 volts. In development, LED s with 5, 10 or more lumens per unit arebeing used.

With this high brightness, by grouping together a small quantity of LEDchips, the sufficient values are obtained for a perfectly visiblesignal, and, in addition, the circuit or source enables a series of LEDchips with other characteristics, wavelengths and colours to beincorporated in the same space inside the module, as well as non visible800 nm LEDs such as infra-red (IR) diodes, and combined with other lightelements such a stroboscopic flash, or discharge lamp, and in this way,as well as circuit (20), a new multi signal is obtained that complieswith more than one approval regulation, and is concentrated from one andthe same translucent outside surface, having alternated and/orsimultaneous operation, and which is independent or whole, as required.Alternatively, LEDs having two light intensities as shown in (3 bis) and(4) in FIG. 46, can be combined inside the module, by means of theresistor attenuating circuit (306), illustrated in FIGS. 141 and 142.

There are LEDs that produce a white light, which is obtained by coveringa blue light emitting chip with phosphorous. However, the blue LEDitself has low light intensity and this is even lower if it is covered.A more economical solution for achieving an equally intense, or greaterwhite light signal, is the simultaneous emission of three chips withthree wavelengths equivalent to RGB light (red, green, blue),approximately (red 630 nm, green 540 nm and blue 470 nm) in one singleLED or in three separate LEDs facing the same direction with directand/or reflected light, and the new mixed flexible circuit (20) canachieve this, mainly for function (F1) or (F1 bis). FIG. 46 can beequivalent to the flash function of FIG. 52. Also, a white light can beobtained with two LEDs, blue and red, and/or red and green.

This principle can be applied to module (B). See FIGS. 131 and 136.

In order that the LEDs are positioned perfectly in all signal modules(A), (A1) and/or (A+B/A1+B) combined, flexible circuit (20) providedwith slits (21) is automatically supported between inside housing (10)and the chromed surface or parabola (12) and internal bodies (150) whenclosing, together with lighting surface (1) and is positioned by teeth,fixed by ultrasound, pins, guides and clips (24). See FIGS. 41, 43, 44and 48.

In order to ensure this position, in any variant, subassembly (A) isnormally sealed by ultrasound along edge (14) and/or along the edge ofcover (10) with parabola (12) in some cases, see FIGS. 83, 85, 94, 103and 109, thus obtaining a sealed assembly, with the output of cable (17)or direct connector (211) being fixed by clips (550), FIG. 131, module(B). Alternatively, direct connector (88) in the multiple option ofmodule (A), shown in FIG. 57.

The spaces between circuit and housing can be sealed with silicone or ajoint sealer to complete the water tightness. In some mixed versionswith bulb and LED, the cover part of the lamp support is not sealed, butit is water tight owing to the pressure of an elastic material or ajoint to avoid problems with humidity, pressure washing, dust and salineenvironments. There is an exception if the ventilation duct is includedin a combined module, however the air inlet and outlet are provided witha water trap or a filter.

In order to ensure the long life of circuit (20), a tropicalised processis applied, which consists of a colourless resin bath that covers thewelding and metallic tracks to prevent corrosion anodes from forming.This process is very important if the circuit is external (87), only forcontact, by means of tracks (91) and (92) for the mini lamps in FIGS.50, 51 and 82 of module (B).

Having defined how to put into practice the direct light source on thebasic, mixed flexible circuit (20) and the features for optimising thelight of LED (30) for the module's (F1) front spot and (F2) side light,FIGS. 1, 14, 15, 41 and 43, reveal the preferred version of module (A)and its variation of combined signals and/or different shapes of direct,indirect or reflected light output, irrespective of the optics onsurface (1). According to requirements, the optimum version can be basedon a mixed circuit that avails of the advantages of the LEDs as well asthose of the bulb, particularly for motorcycles and/or people carriers.See FIGS. 100 to 102, 108 to 110 and 120/121.

Direct light output is characterised in that the signal preferably inarea (F1) has direct output when more than 20% of the light generated inthe source is directed in the direction of its focal centre, accordingto the manufacturer, from the source element, directly to surface (1)and from there to the outside. FIGS. 42, 43, 46, 51 to 68, 93 to 96, 108and 123 to 129.

Direct-reflected output is characterised in that to achieve the signalpreferably in area (F2), more than 10% of the total light generated inthe source is diverted and directed from the source element to surface(1) and from there to the outside, with at least one change of directionin this inside trajectory, produced by reflection on the metallic means,parabola (12) or machined sectors (13); as a whole, the parabolic,staggered surface or collimator, (series of small directed metallicsurfaces), so as to leave from the lighting surface (1). FIGS. 40-B, 41,50, 96, 100 to 104, 114, 115, 120, 121 and for almost all the versionsof (A) in area (F2).

Indirect output, characterised in that more than 5% of the lightgenerated by an element of the source runs along an intermediatetransparent body (150), between source (30) or (95) and surface (1), andit diverted by said body at least once in its trajectory, before leavingit and directing itself to (1) and/or (12) and from there to theoutside. The function of (150) becomes an optical part of the sourcepreferably in area (F1). FIGS. 48, 50, 61 to 65, 71 to 95, 97 to 99 and116 to 119.

Outside surface (1) can be smooth or partially machined in the standardway for prisms (6) and (7), generally vertical, combined with convergentlenses on the focus of each light emitting point on lighting surface (1)or interior light guiding bodies (150), (134), (112) and (113) whichwill be variable, coinciding with the different functions and directionsof light output and developed with the aim of optimising the light in adetermined direction and angle which can have 2, 3 or 4 differentcolours and functions. See FIGS. 8, 41, 43, 44, 54 and 55.

The inner back portion of parabola (12) can be a non flattened surface,divided into small, staggered parabola, flat or spherical-shaped sectors(13) forming a collector or collimator, which receives an axial beam oflight smaller than that which said source element emits and which isdistributed among these small sectors which each reflect a smallerpercentage than the source light towards a certain area, concentratingor diffusing the light, according to the signal requirements.

These sectors form a vertical or oblique grid or set of lines, which canalso be arranged spirally on an axis for the vertical signal. See FIGS.50, 86, 87, 120 and 121.

A spherical mirror reflects wide angle images of its surroundings and itis also visible from a wide angle, however, the image is smaller.Therefore, the bottom of surface (12) is divided into spherical micromirrors which each capture the light source and reflects an image fromas many light foci as there are spherical micro mirrors, and thisproduces a multiplying effect on the light source, providing a moreintense and homogeneous light sensation. To complete the light output,surface (1) is used, which is smooth and without prisms and/or as analternative, it has internal bodies (150), (143), (112) and (113).

If the lighting surface has vertical prisms of any profile, of thebinary type, the grid multiplying effect is achieved with an internalreflector (12) of tubes or horizontal, convex half cylinders.

As a particular design option, contrary to homogenising the light on thelighting surface, the internal parabola of chromed cones (112) on asmooth background, see FIGS. 53, 54, 55, isolates and defines each LED,sectioning the image of individual points of light on the lightingsurface. This still enables compliance with photometry approval,according to EEC Regulation No. 6 for pilots, class 1, 2 and 5.

The new multisignal and multifocus module is also characterised in thatthe critical area (2) in (F2), see FIGS. 1, 3, 40 to 43, reveals a newsolution for the light output in the direction of projection (K1), whichconsists in combining three optical effects:

A—the output surface is transparent and smooth, without any form ofprism either on the inner (2) or outer (66) surface, and so the lightingsurface is easily directly visible to the driver (202) from outside theangle area of signal (K1), FIGS. 3, 40-H and 41. The light is redirectedand emitted in a lineal format towards (K1) without being reflectedwithin transparent body (2). It is colourless and does not produceflashes which could affect the driver's vision.

B—In order to direct and rectify the light signal, area (2) can includethe anticipated prism covered surface (7) to complement surfaces (2) and(66).

C—The purpose of surface (5), which absorbs reflections and remaininglight which is normally a black, matt colour, is similar to theprinciple of partition (13) according to claim 3 of ES P9601695, FIGS.3, 5 and 8, but perfected, and in Ar. P. 247154.

New light output (2) permits further design possibilities so that theblock surface is at the same level between the housing and lightingsurface. See FIG. 40-H.

This new system overcomes the drawbacks or flashes in the driver's eyes,although the driver directly views a part of the lighting surface andsees a percentage of the signal. However, in versions designed toavoiding scratches and knocks in area (2), this area can be offset a fewmillimetres from the edge of the housing and even outwards to improvethe rearward projection of signal (K1), and in this case, the edge ofthe housing acts as partition separating the area of light from thedriver's vision, as already proposed in the applicant's registration ESP9601695. Obviously, the light output remains outside the driver's fieldof vision (202), and the percentage of this light is not determinedbecause it is zero. See FIG. 3.

The design versions of area (2) of (A) for avoiding turbulence,aerodynamic noise and increased volume and for projecting the signalrearwards have the following common characteristics. See FIGS. to 40 to43:

A—Between surface (66), (outside end part (1) visible from behind thevehicle), and the tangent to the end or edge of the housing in thispoint (61) there is always a distance (D1) which determines thepartition (N), except FIG. 40-H, where (61) and (66) coincide, with (N)being inside and the particular optical solution of rectified lightbeing applied.

B—The attachment of (A) to end or projection (5) is always contained ina shell, perfectly coupled (avoiding movements in the direction of thearrows surrounding (P1) to the outside, inside and rear, thus avoidingthe three grades of freedom) to the end of the body of mirror (D) or(D+G), except if (A) is mounted on (C), see FIG. 40-F, when the end of(C) acts as projection (5) and is contained in the body of the mirrorhaving the same concept as (A). This is a development of the applicant'sregistration ES P9601695.

C—There is a critical distance (DC) along the line continuing frommirror glass (50) when it is tilted in its maximum position (50N) andfrom the clearance between the mirror glass and the housing, which isthe sum of the thickness of the housing, plus the thicknesses of theoutside and inside parts of (A). There is usually a space inside thesethicknesses for conducting the light in its projection towards (K1). (A)is characterised in that (DC) is shorter than five times the sum ofthese thicknesses. See FIGS. 40 to 42.

D—Module (A) is characterised in that element (00), the LED or bulbgenerating the light projected towards (K1) is located along a lengthwhich is half the total horizontal length of surface (1), (L1+L2+L3) ofmodule (A), and the starting point of said length is the intersectionbetween (DC) and (1) with consideration for 50% to the front and 50% tothe rear thereof.

E—The defense of level (0) on surface (1) is provided in the form of asmall, gradual, protective projection which, in any solution of zone(F2), will always act as the contact area before surface (1) on sidesector (2).

F—The edge of housing (61) also protects the rearward light emittingsurface (66) in the event of knocks from behind.

G—In any version, apex (204) formed by the curve turn or bend betweensurface (1) and (66), has a rounded radius (R1) greater than 1 mm toprevent accidents.

The signal does not interfere with the driver's vision. In all cases,the signal output is rectified, the clear rearward light angle defined,and projected towards (K1). There is no light remains or colouration inthe output as occurs within a transparent, machined body, where light isreflected therein in an uncontrolled manner. See details in FIGS. 40,41, 42, 43 and 46.

Attachment is reversible, see FIGS. 1, 5, 8, 38, 39 and 40, and ispreferably achieved, according to the design, on various positionpoints, edge (11), stops (5) which generate point (P1) which fixes thethree grades of freedom, clips (8) and pins (9) perforated with throughholes for at least one pressure screw. The novel concept is that thetype of attachment is conceived as a reversible element, so that onesame module can be screwed and clipped in two directions and therefore,be fitted to chassis (D) or housing (D1) indistinctively, separate fromhousing cover (C) which is attached by means of clips so that partmaintenance is quick, or on the contrary, so that it can be fitted onlyto module (C), (C1) or (E), according to the requirements of theassembly system.

The attachment system is associated with access to the signal modules(A), (B), (A+B) and (A1+B) in which the element is mounted, and theaccess points are as follows:

A—Internal access. Mirror glass (50) is removed. The signal mounted oncover (C), (C1) and/or (D) provides access to elements which arereleased internally by first removing the mirror glass. It does notmatter that other parts like the chassis or internal motors aredisassembled. The signal can exit internally or externally and/orexternally even when cover (C) is mounted previously, and the way inwhich the mirror glass is disassembled is not important. See FIGS. 43,46, 47, 49, 51 to 53, 57, 58, 68, 94, 95, 98, 99, 102, 103, 109, 117 and121.

B—External access. Cover (C) is removed (without removing mirror glass(50)), by means of its security clips, see FIG. 132, even when thesignal is mounted between the cover and chassis. See FIGS. 42, 83, 96and 115.

C—Lower and/or external access. Without removing cover (C), or mirrorglass (50); by means of a lower orifice or screw, and/or by removing alower cover (C1) or module (B) proper acting as access cover to theattachment of (A), either by means of the gap between mirror glass (50)and housing (D) shown by arrow (Q), or by rotating the mirror glass toits end position where (B) is accessed as well, FIGS. 130, 131, togetherwith clip and screw (8) and (9). If (B) does not exist, only to fixingelements of (A). See FIGS. 41, 45, 48 and 112.

D—Side access. By rotating the whole mirror on its folding axis orfolding point and by means of the gap thus created between the housingand the door attachment support. See FIG. 43 for (A1), 122, 124, 127 and128.

There are several ways to remove mirror glass (50) from the rotationmechanism, as shown by the examples in FIGS. 45-A and B, by means of apressure washer or screw (55-A); FIG. 45-D, by means of the safetyspring (55-A); or FIG. 45-C, by means of the new mirror glass supportplate, which avails of the inherent material flexibility in arms (50-B)to move plate (50-A) which is not adhered to mirror glass (50-E), bypressing on (50-C) in the direction of arrow (50-H) and thus increasingdistance (D1) between clips (8), and releasing the glass. It is worthmentioning that the plastic piece is an integral element.

In order to prevent vibrations and aerodynamic noise, internal housing(10) is preferably moulded from bi-material, design permitting, wherebyedge (11) is made from softer, more adaptable material than the rest ofthe housing. In this way, the part joined to the other part of gap 0,can be precise. Also, the autoadhesive soft seals described in ESP9601695, claim 2, can be used.

In order to increase stability, the edge on which module (A) is mountedhas a projecting flange (67) on perimeter (11) of the housing. See FIG.44.

The signal operation control light (51) can also be improved with a miniLED (30), see FIGS. 41 and 43, normally on the dashboard, and which isenvisaged in ES P9601695, FIG. 2 (5), claim 2, and which is provided inthe same module (16) and produces the light output with the regulationcolour, and also other operation control lights of the sensors detectingthe presence of people or vehicles, such as two-way signal, at least oneexternal control light (25-B) which indicates when a vehicle has enteredthe signal area, or the actual indicating light as a whole, and anyother control LED in any other part inside the car which notifies thedriver when cars approach.

Power cable (17) for light modules (A), (B) and (A+B) runs through theinside (60) of tower (15) where the mirror folding mechanism axis islocated with its rotation stops (61) that prevent the cable from beingstrangled, and when spring (16) is used, it is included inside thismechanism.

Module (A) can be divided in two parts (A) and (A1), with both partsperforming the same function, but (A1) maintains the direction of thesignal with respect to the driving axis (500) even if the mirror body isfolded, see FIG. 4. In this case, even if the mirror is not folded,cable (18) runs through module (E) without having to consider any axis.There are two ways of running the cable through, since module (A) hastwo parts (A+A1). If (A1) is joined to (B), the same principle appliesand the cable does not have to consider any axis because the module inon support (E). This principle can be applied to the mirrors on variousvehicles, such as motorcycles, cars, lorries. See FIGS. 1, 4, 5, 7, 9,10, 11, 12 and 123, 124, 126 and 128.

As an option for special vehicles requiring bright, flashing emergencytype light signals, module (A), see FIG. 52, has a second direct signallocated in area (A bis), instead of the reflecting light at (3). Thissignal is emitted from a discharge and voltaic arc flash tube (80), bymeans of an electronic light-up circuit (81) comprising a thyristor andcondenser for producing the stroboscopic effect discharge, and providepower to the flash output by means of reflection in parabola (12). Thesame effect is achieved with a group of LEDs (RGB), see FIG. 46,described previously. (A) offers the option of producing various signalsfrom one same surface (1), and varying the internal construction thereoffor special vehicles such as police cars, taxis, ambulances and fireengines.

The second or third signal, according to the module version, is areflected, diffused type signal, see FIGS. 43 to 46, that covers theside area of housing (10) and is produced by means of a circuit of LEDs(120) arranged in the vertical direction, so that the light is reflectedin (13) and (12), and normally emitted to the front and side by the samesurface (1). Alternatively, the source can be a neon tube (140), with asimilar configuration to the LEDs, but including the electronic light upand voltage increasing circuit of neon tube (144). The tube ismaintained in position by means of teeth (142). The focal light outputis (32), direct light, and (142) and (141), indirect-reflected light.Furthermore, these modules can be combined with (B) to reduce mouldcosts. See FIGS. 47 to 50.

The light produced by LEDs (130) is not visible directly. It reaches (1)in a homogeneous format and the focal centres (132) are distinguishablefrom those (32) of direct light. In turn, these LEDs can be added to thecircuit with other LEDs of a different colour, which together with anindividual light-up for groups of the same colour, would produce a thirdsignal from the same lighting surface (1).

In its interior, the light can contain transparent partial light guidingmeans (134), with output through prisms(7). In this way, the signals areproduced with output focal centre (32) directly and (132) and (133),indirectly-reflected from the other signal.

Edge (14) is the join of the ultrasonic or adhesive seal for engagingtulip-shaped transparent body (1) or lighting surface and the housingpart (10) in a watertight manner.

Module (A), FIGS. 56, 57 offers the option of using several lamps ormicrolamps, already described but not detailed in the applicant'sregistration ES P9500877 claim 1, and page 5 last paragraph, and in ESP9601695 claim 1, and page 7, paragraph 25.

In order to provide a long extension for surface (1), a multilamp systemis used together with a series of connected, chrome parabola (12); thesame collimator and variants (13) as used for the multi-LEDs, with foci(90), and light output at a progressive angle.

The lamps have a short life and are affected by vibrations and thereforean easy maintenance system must be considered.

This option includes several micro lamps of the type without a bushing,with low power normally W2W or similar (95), that are either transparentor tinted, whereby each one is introduced by guide (96) in series intotheir corresponding lamp support (93), which by means of metalliccontacts (97), receives the current from tracks (91) and (92) printedonto track support (87) treated with a tropicalised bath ofanti-corrosion resin and which, in turn, receives current from thegeneral circuit by means of connector (88).

The lamp supports are positioned by a one quarter turn system or bypressure and by means of stop (98) and elastomeric O-ring (94), or theyare made from a semi-soft material that serves as a seal or watertightcover, see FIG. 36. If the tracks are external contacts (87), tracks(91) and (92) for mini lamps, lamp support (93) makes contact by meansof points (91) and (96) and applies pressure by means of one quarterturn teeth (98), and/or in the solution without tracks, the lampsupports are connected by cables in parallel or in series, depending onwhether they are 6V, 12V or 42V microlamps, and their contacts arecovered with bi-material or insulation material to avoid corrosionpoints, and/or the micro lamps can be clipped to inner tracks of bentmetal and in this case, the lamp support is an elongated cover with awatertight seal, normally fixed to the reflecting parabola with clips.See FIGS. 36, 96, 102 in (F1) and 130 of module (B).

For this version, (A) must afford colour to surface (1), either in thecovering of bulb (95) and/or tinted bulbs, and/or a mask which can bepartially chromed in order to produce double reflection or axial lightoutput. In this way, a direct-reflected light could be achieved, alwayscomplying with the regulation colour in the focal centres (90). SeeFIGS. 42, 56, 57, 95 to 97.

Module (A), see FIGS. 52 to 55, has several variations such as a minimumsize or minimum version, that comply with approval requirements forpilots, category 5, of EEC Regulation 6, and as a signal which shines tothe front, side or rear at more than 180° with respect to axis (500).These options comprise a lamp, normally of the W5W type, eithertransparent or tinted (95), its corresponding lamp support (93) andsealing and fixing system which is similar to the multilamps. Its can bepositioned in either a horizontal or vertical direction, design andspace permitting. In order to optimise the light output, appropriateoptics are used in area (F1), preferably, Fresnel lenses, verticalprisms (binary system) combined with a faceted, reflecting parabola, orcollimator, and/or an internal light guide (150) which forms part of thesource and provides extense light distribution and effect despite thelack of depth. In (F2) there is direct light and/or a re-directionalprism (7). See FIGS. 42, 58, 95 and 97.

The combined module (A+B) can show a minimum size version, with thesource for (A) being the same as that for (B) and in order todifferentiate the colour when function (B) is white and function (A) isorange, it employs a mask or front spot (3) and (3 bis) in (A), with anorange filter (1 bis). While in order to optimise (B) mask (3 bis) actsin a reversible fashion as parabola (12) to improve the reflectiontowards the floor. See FIGS. 111 and 112.

The minimum size LED version comprises a reduced circuit containing atleast 2 LED (30) placed on a flexible base (20), with tabs (21) toproduce the lighting camp (111), the group of LEDs act as a bulb withlight emission in two directions, but according to the case, it can usea traditional rigid plate and/or a mixed circuit of die-cut metal, fibreand opposed LEDs of the type producing side light output (30-A) as inFIGS. 33, 34 and 35.

Other minimum size versions, for larger modules (A), combined modules(A1+B), are based on a double, cover-type lamp support (600) with twoW5W type bulbs or two LED groups, where each group acts as a bulb, andthe large angle LEDs, facing in the opposite direction, are used toprovide a direct-reflected light emission similar to the two bulbs, bymeans of reflection on surface (12), designed for collimating ordistributing the light. See FIGS. 100 to 104, 114 and 115, 120 and 121.

Module (A), see FIGS. 57 to 63, offers a particular novelty wherebysince the LEDs (30) form a multifocal light emission system, created inan almost concentrated transparent nucleus, and since the light is at adetermined wavelength when it is activated (which is seen as a colouredlight), the new combination of light output is used, based on atransparent tulip (1) without prisms, or with prisms on one part (7),and the other part being smooth. Furthermore, transparent, internallight guiding bodies (150) show the light's trajectory and contribute toproducing optical effects in the form of lines of light (7), flashes andreflections (12), (13) and (158), colouring (153) and (155), or tomultiplying the points of light output (151).

Depending on shape and design limitations, and the convenience of thedirection in which part (160) is stripped from the mould, these elementscan make part of tulip (1) and (1 bis) integral, although they appear astwo parts. See FIG. 59.

Alternatively, the former can be a separate part (113), see FIGS. 48 and49, or have a second light output surface (151) seen from the outside,or be directly located on lighting surface (1). See FIG. 63.

These light guiding bodies (150) capture the photons by means of surface(156) next to the LED focus, and then the light is emitted within thebody or nucleus (159), where it reflects with very low incidence anglesuntil it coincides with either a surface whose incident angle causes thelight to exit from body (151), or a surface provided with machining(158), prisms (155), or relief (153) that produce colouring or flashingaccording to the visual effect desired. All these elements can belocated in an inner cavity (12) that is provided with reflectivemachining (13) and (157), and painted with light, dark or metalliccolours, depending on whether it is desired to highlight these effectsto a greater or lesser degree. Bodies (150) can be provided with rearfaceted machining of the type that creates the diamond or indirectflashing effect. Some part of these bodies, which are normallytransparent, can be chromed in order to optimise the reflection orretroreflection. For example, the spot in FIGS. 53 to 55, 92, 93 and 108to 112.

In some versions, it is possible to use intermediate optical bodies(150), between source (30) and surface (1), that produce effects thatdisperse and/or concentrate direct light (32), and maintain a distance(V1) greater than 1 mm between LED (30) and the optic of intermediatebody (6) and, in turn, there is a distance (V2) greater than 1 mm,between (6) and surface (1), see FIG. 67. Optics (6) can be arranged ina same or different direction. See FIG. 65.

It is possible to optically create a multiplying or diamond effect ofthe LED as direct light, when body (150) is a prism having a flat lightinput surface (151) and an outlet surface parallel to inlet (6) that maycomprise a slight convergent lens while also being wholly or partiallysurrounded by faces with incident angles between <90° and >45°, see FIG.70. Then when the LED light crosses said face (S1), it changes direction(32 bis) parallel to the central or direct (32) beam, and the LED imageis multiplied in the light output area (12) as many times as there arefaces on the prism, imitating the effect of a shining jewel. In order toproduce this effect, the outlet faces by means of which light exits body(150), are separated from the light input face by a distance (D1),greater than 1 mm. See FIGS. 68 to 70.

These faceted prisms form a body comprised of a succession of prismswith almost equal and/or equal orientation. The light input area islocated on a surface that is normally chromed and smooth (12), and it isused basically for front spot (F1). The parallelopipedic body of prismscan have a different shape and section, for example, octagonal,hexagonal, circular, frustopyramidal, cross-shaped, star-shaped, orirregular and/or a half figure. See FIG. 69.

A double effect is created when the inside of surface (1) consists ofthree-sided pyramids (160) and produces a catadrioptic effect,reflecting the light. However, if the ends of these pyramids arefrustopyramidalconical or flattened (170), light can pass through fromthe inside of that area, thus producing a double effect: catadriopticwhich reflects the external light and lighting surface of the internalsignal, whether the source is LEDs or bulbs, by means of the internalreflection means. In accordance with the necessary focal point and areas(F1 and F2). See FIGS. 87, 108 to 112 and 113 to 115. In the indirectlight system, see FIGS. 71 to 85, the tubular or semi-tubular guidingelements can also have a different shape and section, inter alia,hexagonal or octagonal, or they can be a light guiding body or tube foran LED at each end, or for more than one LED, see FIGS. 73-B and 76,where the conducting element is shaped as a series of combined tubes.

Basically, outside surface (1) is dome-shaped and convex, inside (150)is solid and transparent, and the back is provided with prisms (155) at45° with respect to (1) on the metallic, reflecting surface (12). At theends (T and R), surface (156) captures the photons so that they passalong the conducting tube, but at another level, surface (155 bis) at45° serves as an exit point for the light.

When the light completes its double trajectory, it exits with greaterintensity per surface area. The output is reflected by means of the twoprism faces (155), but a central focus (32) is not determined, but aseveral of them, since the whole surface is a homogeneous outlet for thelight. The rearward light in area (100) is of the direct type andmachining (7) produces a lens effect.

In the minimum size version, the source of (A) is a lamp or a pair ofLEDs, and the light conductor is passed in one single direction, sinceone part of the source light covers function (F2) directly, and theother part covers (F1) indirectly or as reflected light. Plane (155 bis)at the opposite end of the source, causes the remaining light to exit,which has not been affected by prisms (155) in its trajectory.

Vertical version. The minimum size version can be arranged in thevertical direction, design and space permitting, with the prismsarranged in a spiral sequence so as to face the light outlet at allenvisaged angles. See FIG. x50.

For any light guiding element with a single or double trajectory, singleor multiple bodies, the guides have a convergent lens for light input,and a meniscus type edge, which is normally better at capturing thesource light and makes it easier to control the direction thereof, whileLEDs with reduced angular opening perform better, unless on thecontrary, it is desirable to obtain sideways light emission at thebeginning.

The simplified version for more economical moulds, is subassembly (A+B)with its integral lighting surface, and parallel lines (XX) to avoidlight colouration in the area of the other signal. The reflectinghousings and interior optical element supports are also integral parts,and if the source is LED-based, it has a combined circuit, and if it isa bulb, it can have a combined multiple lamp support. The connectorcentralizes the functions with a common negative, also for complementarycircuits and functions such as the temperature probe. The attachment andthe light output forms are the same as for the separate modules.

Generally, the interphase structure and the parts and systems of module(A) and (A1), (A+B) are similar to other assembly options such asattachment means, watertightness seals (5), (8), (9) and (11), opticaland reflecting combinations (12), (1), (2), focal points (32) and (90)and connections (88) and (17).

The internal elements are provided with teeth and clips for positioningand facilitating their assembly (18) and (24); also versions (3), (3bis) and (4) and module (B), and its different versions, are providedwith the ring for attachment to housing (251) with adjustment system(250) and (258), positioning teeth (260), (261) (253) and rotation teeth(214), while in the metallic version serving as heat diffuser, the lampassembly is retained by ring (64) and, in turn, chimney (560) is linkedto chassis (G) by the elastic metallic part (568) attached by means ofscrews and teeth (8) and (9).

Module (C and/or C1) are fixed by rapid action anti-theft clips (170)and (550).

Application and Advantages

The advantages, applications and principles of this invention can beapplied to other lights and signals for vehicles, or for other purposesoutside the vehicle sector, as an extra application.

By means of this new LED system inserted onto a flexible circuit, avariable signal angle can be obtained in a minimum space; and a direct,indirect and/or reflected light output achieved with intermediateoptics, can be applied as a solution to other external lights, signalsand external pilots such as those in category 1 and 2, pursuant toRegulation 6 of EEC Aprroval Regulation, for vehicles with four wheelsor more, and Regulation No. 51 and 52 for motorcycles and mopeds. It canalso be applied to internal lights or to reposition these pilots andlights in small spaces such as ailerons, and/or spoilers or other partsof the vehicle body which would be impossible with the classicbulb-based methods, owing to space, temperature and volume requirements,and the assembly and disassembly engineering for maintenance.

Advantages

The new signal is wider and the combination of source elementsdistributes the light more effectively, optimises energy consumption andoccupies less space, while also providing new functions by adding moreelectronic elements to the circuit, such as photodiodes and infra-redLEDs.

The new LED chips are transparent and their colour is only evident whenthey are on. Their light efficiency, long life (100 times greater thanthe life of an incandescent lamp) and strength in terms of mechanicalstresses and vibrations, owing to their solid condition (their inside isnot hollow), also increase their design and function possibilities.

Their modular, interchangeable and compatible construction standardisesthe parts, simplifies the work involved in their development, andbasically saves time and money.

A whole range of models can be obtained with less specific parts, andyet the product can be personalised and adapted to the user'srequirements or special applications, with only small modificationsbeing required on the inside.

The system is flexible and the modules are independent of one another,although for certain design and assembly options one module can includeanother. For example, (C+A and/or C+A+B; and/or E+A and D+A), and/or(E+A+B) and (D+A+B).

The functional signal modules have new qualities, are multifocus,multiple signal, area (F1) and (F2), flexible base, combined signaloutput, direct, indirect and reflected with new optical elements, all inthe one signal, create an important element for security becauseinformation can be emitted and/or received with an angle greater than180° to and from surrounding vehicles in a new and different manner.Furthermore, the modules occupy little space.

Occupying little space and providing a large signal angle are two keyadvantages of the new flexible circuit and the indirect light by meansof light guides that multiply their function and design possibilities.They are particularly applicable in such small spaces as the end of themirror housing, without its internal structure or mirror glass movementinterfering in any way. Neither do they affect the vehicle aerodynamicsor fuel consumption.

The larger angle is obtained for an homogeneous signal using lessenergy, according to the function, with an equal flow of light. However,the light can be sectioned as in light channels, front spots or diamondeffect, and clearly differentiated stylistic features can be obtainedwithout losing the signal function. When combined with OLES, theelectroluminescent parts, in contrast to anti-reflecting areas, canshape the light, generally, in the form of an arrow so as to augment thesignal.

By means of the mixed circuit, maximum light energy conversion can beachieved, by dissipating a minimum quantity of heat. It is used in aminimum space to obtain a direct, direct-reflected and indirect signal,availing of the maximum light provided by each element according to therequirements in each sector. It is not necessary to filter the lightwith coloured tulips.

By means of the new circuit, different coloured signals can be emittedfrom one single, transparent lighting surface.

Novel, distinct signals and functions are obtained with the sameexternal modules (A+B) for all types of vehicles: passenger cars, sportscars, family cars, utility vehicles, and special vehicles such as policecars, taxis and industrial vehicles.

Mirrors can be obtained with new features and shapes, thus saving onmoulds, references and developments.

By modifying the composition of the flexible circuit, differentequipment compositions and features can be obtained having the sameexterior shape.

Owing to the very nature of LEDs and OLES, these elements affordadvantages to the product. Owing to their solid construction, they arenot affected by vibrations. Also they switch on more quickly, consumeless energy and last longer, while also being operative under extremeconditions. They are currently more expensive, but they are developing.

Since the circuit has a long life and is provided with a protectioncircuit, it does not require maintenance engineering.

Furthermore, the new circuit obtains and provides new information to theside area within area (100) (which together with the other side area,covers the whole perimeter of the vehicle) such as a presence-detectingsignal and sensor for security and comfort, and more precise lightingangles.

In the event the circuit has no current, it is provided with a newoption whereby it has an alternative, rechargeable energy source, whichenables a new automatic emergency signal to be activated.

The circuit complies with angle, photometry and colorimetry requirementsfor the new functions, which are impossible to perform with conventionalmethods, and which incur equal costs and occupy the same space.

The new emergency signal with blue LED stroboscopic flash produces moreflash for police cars, and is more aerodynamic and lightweight.

Equivalent advantages can be obtained for special vehicles havingadvisory or emergency functions, either in yellow, or red for ambulancesor fire engines (355). See FIGS. 141 and 142.

The new module B, or side lighter has a dispersed focus with a widerange angle, and acts as a multifocal, adjustable parking light, thatmay or may not be provided with a timer. It can be adjusted or rotatedso as to illuminate the side perimeter of the vehicle, particularlyduring parking manoeuvres at low speed in first gear or reverse, and soas to reveal any obstacles or carry out repairs or any other activitywhere side lighting in the proximity of the vehicle facilitates thetask. In this way, the modules acts as a security and comfort element,even when the mirror is folded in its parking position. See FIGS. 4, 80and 84.

The module functions manually, even in motorised versions, and rotateson a horizontal plane. Its movements and positions are synchronised andmemory-based in order to coincide either with certain commands, such asreverse and first gear that operate at low speed, or with a voluntarycommand directing element located in the door that coincides with themirror positioning element.

The mobile lighting module B, can benefit from the complementary light,wherever it is necessary, and it can have more than one application,according to the source to be used: multifocus with high brightnessLEDs, microlamps or xenon gas, halogen lamps or neon tubes.

The module includes a channel or duct of cooling air, that comprises awater trap, and extends the life of the lamp, enabling it to be lit fora longer duration without overheating. Air inlet (265) and outlet (560)are shown in FIGS. 72 to 83. It uses mass and metallic bodies as acooler (510) and (D). See FIGS. 81 and (20). See FIGS. 76, 77 and 83.

The new commands provide safer and simpler driving conditions so thatthe driver can concentrate solely on the road. The new functions areadvantages in themselves. See FIGS. 89 and 90.

Some functions are automatic, such as the following:

Highway headlights (300), or slow down warning light (301), lowintensity (4). High intensity (4) brake warning light (302)+indicator,emergency (304) with timer for highway driving (305).

A door opening warning light (308) when loading and unloadinglightweight utility vehicles in city conditions.

A door opening warning light, and stroboscopic, green taxi vacancylight, which enable taxis to stop more safely and facilitate passengersentry and exit therefrom, combined with the taximeter stop and with atimer (307).

The inverse signal function that detects the presence of people insignal area (100) by means of photodiode sensors (25-A) that areequipped with a corresponding circuit, which decodes random frequenciesemitted by an IR LED (25-B).

The combined detection feature to the front, provided by sensors in eachmirror, where by means of telemetry, a warning could be provided when avehicle is approaching from behind.

The module also comprises a protection circuit against surcharges and amicro electronic circuit for controlling and activating new, differentfunctions. The applications can be increased with synchronised andcombined movements for switching on and off the various LEDs placed inseries, or alternated according to colours, position or on/offswitching, or light intensity. For emergency situations, fog lights,position lights, alarms and centralised locking (320) can be provided.

The option of a second emission circuit (120), see FIG. 44, provides newindirect-reflected signals, thereby multiplying the number of differentsignals emitted from one single external surface (1), and in onehorizontal plane.

Furthermore, the flexible module uses a central, electronic circuit thatprovides non visible functions, such as sonorous diode (70) or infra-redphotodiode sensor (25), which complement the indicating function inpedestrian areas, where it is necessary to warn people of reversingmanoeuvres and/or receive remote control information. It is alsopossible to contemplate a radio frequency emission element for opening agate or parking barrier or for providing access to the motorway, or aninfra-red emission element with a variable, adjustable and emissionfrequency which can be encoded.

The module extends as far as the base of the door attachment support andin the event it includes a rotation mechanism, the lighting module iscompleted with a complementary element in this support module (A1 orA2).

Some of these new functions and signals were mentioned conceptually inthe applicant's registration ES P9601695, page 7, paragraph 35 and claim1, and the applicant claims them herein particularly as novel, perfectedelements comprising new embodiment details.

The structural modules (C, D and E) provide advantages for the assemblysystem and moulding injection process. They also make the moulds moreeconomical, because the type of mirror can be changed by altering justone part or module. Module (C) and the versions thereof (C and C1),which can be painted or covered with a grid-like design, can personalisemirror aesthetics by means of an easy, quick alteration. According todesign requirements, (A+B) can replace (C1), or be similar thereto. SeeFIGS. 48, 50, 100, 110, 111, 114 to 129.

In the combined (A+B), minimum size versions, also with bulbs and/orwith one single bulb, see FIGS. 111 and 112, the functional advantagesare still maintained, costs are reduced, the wiring is connected to acommon negative connector, even for complementary elements and sensorswhich it supports, such as the temperature probe.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a front, main view of the product, showing the position of themodules, their extension and basic shape and output areas for thevarious signals and functional areas (F1) and (F2). The initial area(00) is visible in module (E), the end external areas (204, (66); theprotection projection (0).

FIG. 2 is a view from above the vehicle of the signal planes.

FIG. 3 is a plan view of signal projection, sensor reception, and thedriver's field of vision (202).

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of signal projection (A, A1 and B) which stilloperate even when the mirror is folded.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged, separational view of the interchangeable modules,showing how a module can be divided into two parts (C, C1).

FIGS. 6 and 7, front and rear views and basic sections AA and BB.Position of sensors (25-A, B, C) and submodule (4), definition andlocation of end area (K1).

FIG. 8, shows external details of module (A) and light outputs (1), (2),(3) and (4).

FIGS. 9 to 13 show composition and design options for differentvehicles. FIG. 9 van, FIG. 10 coach-lorry, and FIGS. 11, 12 and 13motorcycles.

FIGS. 14 to 19 show the basic details of the flexible circuit.

FIG. 20 is a basic diagram of the flexible circuit, components (30) andprotection circuit (22) and commands (C1, C2 and C3).

FIGS. 21 and 22 are a comparison of light projections from LED (111).

FIGS. 23 to 28 show the basic details of the LEDs, slits, optics andcontacts including details of emergency light with complementarybattery.

FIG. 29 shows details of double chip (34) LEDs, welding (29) andprojection (111).

FIG. 30 shows light emission to the side (30-A) and consecutiveprojection (111).

FIG. 31 shows the flexible circuit and details of the surface-mountedLEDs.

FIG. 32-B-C-D-E-F-G shows details of various optics, and include sideand top views of various LEDs, as well as the effect produced by theconcentrating or diffusing projection of light (111).

FIGS. 33, 34 and 35 show details of different integrated mixed circuitsfor various functions and containing various components, LEDs (30)+bulb(95) and (212)+timer (310)+photodiodes (25-B), infra-red diodes(25-A)+temperature probe (T1).

FIGS. 36 A-B illustrate the combined lamp support for two lamps with airoutlet (560) and watertight, flexible cover type edge and timer (310).

FIGS. 37 and 38 are diagrams of basic circuits including commands(C1-2-3 and 4) sensors, photodiodes and LEDs (25-A-B and C), itselectronic decoding circuit (EL) and side light bulb (95).

FIGS. 39-A-B-C define the side end area from which (A) exits in the formof projection (K1), and show how line (X) is determined between points(X1) and (X2), with respect to radius (R2).

FIGS. 40-A-B-C-D-F-G and H and 41 are sectional views of different typesof light output towards projection (K1) of (A), which is part (2) ofsurface (1), and they illustrate the various features that are commonand specific to each variant:

(P1) the area or attachment tooth (5) inside housing (D).

(D1) the distance or difference between the edge of housing (D) in (61)and the most projecting point of (A) on side (66) (they can coincide asillustrated in FIG. 41).

(DC) is the Critical Distance which is the sum of the thicknesses of allthe structural parts when mirror glass (50) is in its maximum adjustmentpoint;

(1), (12), (10), (D) and the space or corridor for the first diode (00)to emit and/or receive signals.

level (0), with respect to the housing and/or cover (D) or (C) toprotect (A) from knocks and scratches.

(N) which is the part of the housing and/or cover, forming the panelthat helps to rectify the light signal in projection (K1) and does notaffect the driver's (202) vision.

internal prism (7) which rectifies the light signal in the direction ofprojection (K1).

radius (R1) in the apex between surfaces (1) and (2) of (A) so that thesurface does not have a sharp or dangerous point if touched.

FIG. 42 shows the projections of an example module having externalsurface (A).

projection (K3) parallel to driving axis (500).

projections (K1) and (K5) perpendicular to driving axis (500) to therear and front, respectively.

projections (K2) and (K4) at 45° with respect to driving axis (500) tothe front and rear, respectively.

FIG. 43 is a sectional view BB of module (A), two part version; (A)being in the foldable mirror, extending to the module (E) support whichhas (A1) forwards and backwards, showing the position of the lightingelements and sensors for direct-reflected emission/reception.

FIGS. 44-A-B area sectional views AA of module (A) showing details ofreverse attachment (8) and (9), and positioning of characteristic parts,lighting surface or tulip (1), reflecting parabola (12), combinedreflecting convex surfaces which produce a multiplying effect on theimage, housing (10) with elastomeric bi-material or seal (11),positioning elements (24), prisms (6) and (7) and central focus (32).

FIGS. 45-A-B-C-D are different types of the mirror glass (50) module andglass support plates with facilities to be maintained more than once.

FIG. 46 is a sectional view BB of module (A) provided with front spot,double light intensity in area (3 bis) with high brightness LEDs (30),and metallic circuit base (20) as cooler and photodiode sensors (25).

FIG. 47 is a sectional view BB of module (A) showing second circuit(120) for emitting an indirect signal with LEDs (130) and internalorientating elements (133).

FIGS. 48-A-B are sectional views AA of module (A), as it appears in FIG.47, showing direct (32) and indirect (132) double central focus, andorientating element (133).

FIGS. 48-A shows combined module (A+B).

FIG. 49 is a sectional view BB of module (A) showing the indirect neontype signal (140), internal light guiding elements (141) and electroniclight-up circuit (144).

FIGS. 50-A-B are sectional views AA of module (A), as it appears in FIG.49, showing the neon positioning element (142) and direct light output(32) and reflected light output (40) and (13B). The version appearing inFIG. 50-A is the combined module (A+B), but has the same neon source(140) for functions in (A) and (B).

FIG. 51 is a sectional view BB of module (A) showing reflecting orgraphic area (3) and circuit with its rechargeable battery (72), andemergency LED (75).

FIG. 52 is a sectional view BB of module (A) showing the special lightof the flash type discharge lamp (80) in area (3) with its electroniccircuit (70) and (81).

FIG. 53 is a sectional view BB of module (A) showing interior reflectingelement (12) with cones (112) as separator with definition of foci (32).

FIGS. 54 is a sectional view AA and FIG. 55 a view of module (A) as itappears in FIG. 53, showing interior chromed surface (12) with dividercones in isolated foci (112) and transparent orientating elements (113).

FIG. 56 is a sectional view AA of FIG. 57 showing lamp support (93) withseal (94).

FIG. 57 is a sectional view BB of the multilamp version (95) of module(A), showing focal centres (90), contact track (87), lamp support (93)and connector (88).

FIG. 58-A is a sectional view BB of the single lamp version of module(A).

FIG. 58-B is a sectional view BB of the minimum size, LED version ofmodule (A), similar to one lamp, showing side reflection (13) of LED(30).

FIGS. 59 and 60 show the flexible or non-flexible, minimum size circuitprovided with two or more LEDs as shown in FIG. 58-B.

FIG. 61 is a transparent view of module (A) showing its interior lightguiding element (150) and (159), radial output (150), machined colouringarea (153) and direct output area (151).

FIG. 62-A is a sectional view AA of FIG. 61 showing that surface (1) and(151) are one part, with the mould stripping direction being (160), andthat said surface has other output points for indirect light (155) and(158).

FIG. 62-B is a sectional view BB of FIG. 61 showing surface (156) whichcaptures light so as to redirect it.

FIGS. 63-A-B are sectional views AA and BB of FIG. 61 showing guidingelements (150) which are parallel and form another part, with mouldstripping (160) being in the opposite direction.

FIGS. 64-A-B are sectional views AA and BB of another version of thelight director, which is part of surface (1), and a body (150)corresponds to each LED.

FIG. 65 is a sectional view BB of module (A) with intermediate optics(150) and lenses (6) faced so that they emit a sectioned and condensed,direct light output.

FIG. 66 is a detailed perspective view of FIG. 65.

FIG. 67 is a sectional view AA of FIG. 65 showing details of the SMDtype LEDs and focal distance (V1).

FIG. 68 is a sectional view BB of module (A) with intermediate optics(150) that produce a multiplying effect by means of prisms at source(LED-SMD), in this case, on surface (S1).

FIGS. 69-A-B-C-D are perspective views of the regular and irregularprisms.

FIG. 70 is a sectional view AA showing a prism of FIG. 68, representingthe light trajectory and its multiplying effect (11) and (12) onsurfaces (S1) and (6), and the angle of these surfaces (alpha).

FIG. 71 is a detailed, transparent view of module (A) with indirectlight produced by an guiding element (150) having a semi-tubular sectionand concentrated, double trajectory light (32 bis) and detailing theprisms on the reflective inside back (155).

FIG. 72 is a detailed sectional view BB of FIG. 71 showing the lighttrajectory (T to R and vice versa), and prisms (155) and (155 bis),connectors (211) and also the position of LEDs (30).

FIGS. 73-A-B-C are sectional views of FIG. 71, showing attachment (8)and (9), for example, different types of light guiding elements.

FIGS. 74-A-B are sectional views BB of a light guiding element of type(150), FIG. 75-A, showing fundamental common features (6), (6-A), (6-B)light input control optic (30-C), (30-B), LED with directed light optic;cover (12-A), either chromed or non-chromed, for the light sourcecircuit, and prisms (155), (155 bis), (155 bis-A) for light output,generally at 45° with respect to the direction of the light.

FIGS. 75-A-B are inside views of module (A) with light guiding element(150), version A with an LED source, IR emission diode (25-A) andreceiver (25-B), and version B with a bulb source.

FIGS. 76-A-B are a sectional view AA of FIG. 75-A showing the featuresof all the light guiding elements (150) irrespective of their section,with surface (1 bis) being preferably independent of surface (1), withthe distances separating body (D2) from surface (1) and from thereflective inside back (12) are (D1) and (D3), respectively.

FIG. 77 is an inside view of module (A) showing more than one line ofLEDs and parallel light guiding elements.

FIG. 78 is a sectional view BB of FIG. 79 showing surface (1 bis) asirregular and/or comprising different levels (1-A), (1-B).

FIG. 79 is a front, detailed view of a light guiding element (150)comprised of irregular lenses, surfaces and prisms (155).

FIGS. 80-A-B-C-D show variations of light guiding element (150) withirregular bodies, lenses and surfaces (1 bis).

FIG. 81 is a front view of the inside of module (A) showing a curvedlight guiding element (150), extending in two directions, andemitting/receiving diodes (25-A-B).

FIG. 82 is a front view of the inside of module (A) showing asplit-level light guiding element (150), photodiodes (ER) (25-A-B), andfront spot (3 bis).

FIG. 83 is a sectional view BB of FIG. 82 showing a split level element(150) and the trajectory of the light diverted by prism and counterprism(155) and (155 bis), and also stiff-flexible mixed circuit (20).

FIG. 84 is a front view of the inside of module (A) showing lightguiding elements (150) parallel and at a split level, front spot (3 bis)and emitting/receiving (ER) (25-A-B).

FIG. 85 is a sectional view BB of FIG. 84, showing the same elements asFIG. 82.

FIG. 86 is a front view of the inside of module (A) showing mixed LEDand bulb circuit, and including the mixed, direct-reflected light outputin area (F2), and the direct-indirect light from light guiding element(150) and collimator parabola (13) in area (F1), and alsoemitting/receiving (ER) through photodiodes (25-A-B). The bulb is alsoprovided with the mask effect so as to conceal its colour and front spot(3).

FIG. 87 is a sectional view BB of FIG. 86 showing how mask (3 bis) emitslight through the conical holes of (3) and the reflecting part (12):

FIG. 88-A is a side view of modular light guiding element (150) whichworks with direct light creating a diamond effect on surface (S1), andindirect light on prisms and/or microprisms (155 bis), which ispreferably for SMD type LEDs.

FIG. 88-B is a series of modular guiding elements,according to FIG.88-A.

FIGS. 89-A-B are sectional views AA of module (A) comprising modularguide elements, as shown in FIG. 88-A, where distance (D1) ishighlighted to give contrast and depth to (150), and anti-reflectingarea (12-X), so as to avoid external light (32-X) and increase thecontrast of internal light (32).

FIGS. 90-A-B show variations of the modular light guiding elementscombined with the diamond effect, arranged in a line, or at an anglesimilar to the arrow type in FIG. 90-B.

FIGS. 91-A-B are side views of modular light guiding elements showingvarious direct light input points, FIG. 91-A; or indirect, reflectedlight,

FIG. 91-B; for different types of LED and variations of prisms andcounterprisms (155) and (155 bis) and output lenses (7), on surface(1-A).

FIG. 91-C is an example of consecutive modular guiding elements, as inFIGS. 91-A-B.

FIG. 92-A is a front, detailed view of an intermediate optic, preferablyfor front spot, where the light changes direction more than once, andlenses (7) amplify the light's horizontal projection.

FIG. 92-B is a sectional view AA of FIG. 92-A, showing the light'sdouble trajectory when it is reflected in (155 bis) and concentrated bypassing through (6) of surface (1-A).

FIG. 92-C is a sectional view BB of FIG. 92-A showing the light's doubletrajectory, as in FIG. 92-B, but surface (1-A) has an elongatedhorizontal extension with dispersing lenses and prisms (6) or (7 a).

FIGS. 92-D-E-F are variations of the elongated extension of FIGS.92-A-C, for one or two LEDs. It is the modular light guiding elementprinciple, but these variations are symmetrical and integral.

FIG. 93 is a front view of the inside of module (A) showing anapplication of a double trajectory, light concentrating-diffusing optic(3) such as front spot, FIG. 92-A; symmetric double guiding element,FIG. 92-C-D or E; and photodiode sensors (25-A), (25-B).

FIG. 94 is a sectional view BB of module (A) with a double trajectory,asymmetrical, minimum size internal guiding element (with two LEDs), andfront spot (3).

FIG. 95 is a sectional view BB of module (A) with a double trajectory,minimum size guiding element provided with a bulb for functions (F1) and(F2) that produces light output towards (K1) by means of light guidingelement (150 bis),+LED front spot with combined circuit.

FIG. 96 is a sectional view BB of module (A), minimum size, providedwith a source comprising one or more bulbs for direct-reflected light incollimator (12), (13) for functions (F1) and (F2), and chromed masks(12-A) for concealing the direct light output and/or the bulb colour andprisms or Fresnel diffuser on surface (1). This is an example of theapplication of double lamp support (600).

FIG. 97 is a sectional view BB of module (A), minimum size, providedwith at least one bulb (95), light guiding element (150) for function(F1), bulb mask (3 bis) and direct-reflected output in (F2).

FIG. 98 is a sectional view BB of module (A), (F1) with guiding element(150) having double light trajectory and front spot with concentratingLED optic (30-E) or bulb, and (F2) direct-reflected light output andphotodiodes (25-A-B), and showing mask (12-A) that conceals the LEDcircuit.

FIG. 99 is a sectional view BB of module (A), minimum size, with lightguiding element (150) having its bulb (95) source starting from frontspot (3 bis); and direct-reflected output (F2) and combined sensors,photodiode/emission element (15-A-B).

FIG. 100 is a perspective view of the combined module (A+B).

FIG. 101 is a front view of the inside of module (A), as seen in FIG.100, showing front spot for double bulbs (3), the combined circuithaving LEDs (30) facing in an opposite, symmetrical direction, producingindirect-reflected light by means of collimator (12), (13) in oppositedirections, which exits through direct, rearward projection(K1)+emitting/receiving diodes (25-A-B). Also mask (12-A) is shown,which conceals the LED circuit.

FIG. 102 is a sectional view BB of module (A), according to FIG. 101,showing the critical area (DC) and that the first LED is positionedbehind said distance.

FIG. 103-A is a sectional view BB of module (A) showing front spot (3)provided with a special light dispersing LED optic (30-D), producingdirect-reflected light by means the collimator, according to the sameprinciple shown in FIG. 102, but with all facing the same direction. Itis shown that the first LED with projection towards (K1) is behind thecritical area (DC).

FIG. 103-B is a front view of the inside of module (A).

FIG. 104-A is a sectional view AA of module (A), as a complementinglight source (34 bis), formed by electroluminescent surface (N) on aplate, or as substrates produced with serigraphy or any other printingstyle, on the front surface of the internal transparent body (150),showing in detail its position on the inside back of module (A) toimprove its contrast against external light and optimise light output,by determining angle (W), which is always less than 89°, between theexternal light (32 bis) which goes from A to B, and is generallyabsorbed by the anti-reflecting black matt surface (12-X), and the focalcentre of light output (32), where distance (D1) is always greater than1 mm.

FIG. 104-B details sheet (N) or electroluminescent substrates which,when current is passed between tracks (N2) and (N4), produce light inpolymer (N3), forming source (34 bis), with light output (32).

FIGS. 105 to 106 are front views of the inside of module (A) withelectroluminescent surface (N) combining with LEDs (30) in a mixedcircuit with photodiode sensors (25-A-B) and front spot.

FIG. 107 is a sectional view AA of FIG. 106, detailing internal optic(150) with lens (6 bis) to control the light output of (N) and (34 bis)and internal optic (6) for LED (30).

FIG. 108 is a front view of module (A) in mirror assembly, with a mixedsource comprising bulb and LEDs sectioned in individual parabolas, andfront spot (3), with mask (3 bis) which conceals the colour of the bulband/or has a filter which colours the light. In area (F1′).

FIG. 109-A is a sectional view BB of module (A).

FIG. 109-B is a detailed view of FIG. 109-A showing front spot (3) withthe normally chromed mask (3 bis), which acts in the front to reflectexternal light (32 bis), by reflecting it against (13), and cones (13bis) angled at less than 30° with respect to the beam of direct lightfrom (95), which through transmittance and reflection, direct more than50% of the light from the source to the outside in the form of beams(32) through the mask and lenses or Fresnel (6), without the colour ofsource (95) or its filter (95 bis) being visible from the outside.

FIG. 110 shows the mirror assembly according to FIG. 108, but the sourceof front spot (3) produces output in a downward direction, with theassembly comprising a combined module (A+B) having a common source.

FIG. 111 is a minimum size, combined module (A+B) with a common sourcecomprising a bulb and complementary signal (4) and photo sensors(25-A-B).

FIG. 112 is a sectional view AA of FIG. 111 detailing mask (3 bis) ofsignal (A) which, for the same bulb, emits a different coloured light tothat emitted in function (B), without this difference being noticeablefrom the outside, since the mask has a uniform chromed appearance. Theattachment to (P1) on the edge of (D) and lower screw (9), are shown.

FIGS. 113-A-B detail the catadrioptic effect produced when externallight (32 bis) is reflected in prisms (155) on surface (1) and amachined element which, in turn, allows internal light (32) to passthrough points or planes (170) of frustopyramidal elements (160), thusproducing two types of light, direct and reflected, on surface (1-A).

FIG. 114 is a view of the combined module (A+B), comprising an axiallyarranged LED source, reflected by collimator and surface (1) togetherwith catadrioptic band (1-A), and double bulb for part (B), and showingthe attachment which can be accessed at the front by removing cover (C);and horizontal bands (77) or internal split-levels of (1) to avoidcolouring or transmitting the light from one function to another.

FIG. 115 is a sectional view AA of the combined module (A+B) whereexternal surface (1) is an integral part and internal housing (10) is anintegral part, showing bands (77) and the attachment between (P1) onpoint or edge (5) and the access underneath cover (C) to screws (9).

FIG. 116 is a version of FIG. 114, with module (A+B) having a lightguiding element (150), seen as a whole, and photodiode sensors (25-A-B).

FIG. 117 is a sectional view BB of FIG. 116 showing double lamp support(600) with ventilation (560), for part (B) and maintenance access for(9) by removing mirror glass (50).

FIG. 118 is a view of module (A+B) in the vertical direction, comprisinga light guiding element containing prisms in spiral arrangement (155),and a mixed circuit comprising bulb+LED (horizontal and vertical (30-C))together with photodiode sensors.

FIG. 119 is a detailed sectional view CC of the spiral prism arrangement(155) for directing the light to area (F1) on guiding element (150) andremaining light output (155 bis), and showing the LEDs and sensors inarea (F2).

FIG. 120 is a view of module (A+B) in the vertical direction, with thedirect, indirect light being reflected by collimator (12), and showingthe mixed circuit comprising bulbs (95) with mask (95 bis) for (A) and(262) for (B), and also showing LEDs and photodiodes (25-A-B) for area(F2).

FIG. 121-A is a vertical sectional view CC of module (A+B), as seen inFIG. 120.

FIG. 121-B is a vertical sectional view AA of module (A+B), as seen inFIG. 120, showing the chromed, reflecting mask (3 bis) for concealingbulb (95) and producing direct-reflected light output in the axialdirection which is collected by collimator (13) which has progressivelyfacing surfaces, producing output (32 bis). Anti-colouring bands (77)and an external part (1) are also indicated, together with internal part(10) and double lamp support (600) having air inlet in (266) and outletin (560).

FIG. 122 is a view of the combined module (A1+B) on support (E), seen asa whole.

FIG. 123-A is a sectional view BB of the combined module (A1+B) withbulbs on support (E), as seen in FIG. 122, showing the use of doublelamp support (600), and the attachment providing access to (9) byrotating the body of the mirror, and the channel of air with inlet in(266) and outlet in (560).

FIG. 123-B is a sectional view BB of the mixed circuit of combinedmodule (A1+B) on support (E), showing projections (K) equivalent tothose applicable to module (A), the use of LEDs for signal (A) and abulb for (B), and also photodiodes (25-A-B) and temperature probesensors (T1).

FIG. 123-C is a sectional view AA of FIG. 123-A, showing bands (77).

FIG. 124-A is a view of combined module (A2+B), seen as a whole, where(A) is understood to be (A2) as it is underneath (B) on the doorattachment support (E), with this module fulfilling the same signal andlight projection conditions.

FIG. 124-B contains section AA of FIG. 124-A and shows that (1) and (10)is one integral part, while also illustrating projection (K1),anti-colouring bands (77), catadrioptic reflecting part (3), temperatureprobe (T1), and the attachment with maintenance access by rotating themirror body.

FIG. 125 is a view of combined module (A2+B), seen as a whole on thedoor attachment arm of a sports car type mirror, which can be fixed orrotational.

FIGS. 126-A-B are detailed front and back views of module (A2+B) of FIG.125, a bulb version showing that the module normally fulfils functions(F1) and (F2). Anti-colouring bands (77) are also shown.

FIG. 127 is a view of combined module (A1+B) with front spot, seen as awhole and including a view of part (B).

FIG. 128 is a sectional view BB of module (A1+B) of FIG. 127, showing amixed circuit comprising a bulb for (B) and LEDs for (A1), functions(F1) and (F2), the connector with common negative (39), timer (310),probe (T1), attachment with access to (9) by folding the mirror, frontspot (3) with concentrated optic (6) and emitting/receiving IRphotodiodes (25-A-B-C).

FIG. 129 is a view of combined module (A1+B) with front spot, seen as awhole in perspective from above.

FIG. 130 is a transparent sectional view of module (B) in its fixedversion, based on light being dispersed by lamps (95) with various foci,and facing multifoci (111), (222) and (333). Construction is similar tothat of module (A+B) illustrated in FIGS. 50, 51 and 72, except thatoptic (263) is a combined prism.

FIG. 131 is a transparent sectional view equivalent to FIG. 130, butprovided with high brightness LEDs. It shows details of the metal lightdiffusing base in circuit (20,) provided with slits (21) for directingthe LEDs according to focal centres (111), (222) and (333).

FIG. 132 is a sectional view AA of the mirror type illustrated in FIG.7, detailing the position of modules (A, B, C and E), and the anti-theftsystem of module (C) (171).

FIG. 133 is a perspective view of the light projection to the side of avehicle, that can be adjusted and has its central point in (210)rotating along (240).

FIG. 134 is a sectional view AA of the rotational version of module (B),which has a dichroic halogen lamp (212). Details are also shown ofmetallic support (510) which attaches lamp (263) to subassembly (264) bymeans of teeth (8) and ring (64). The lamp is connected by connector(211) and attaches to chassis (D) by means of plate (588) whichtransmits heat by diffusion from the metal and by means of chimney (560)having inlet in (265) and ventilation outlet in (567).

FIG. 135 is a view of the motorised version (280) of module (B) whichrotates on crown gear (272) which is provided with stop at (273).

FIG. 136, is equivalent to FIG. 135, and shows a light dispersion systemcomprising various high brightness LEDs (30) inserted on the metallicbase of circuit (20) acting as cooler, ventilation duct with outlet at(560) and connector (211) with security clips (550).

FIG. 137 is a sectional view AA of FIG. 136 showing the variableinclination angle of foci (32) and variable prisms (263) fordistributing and dispersing the light.

FIG. 138 is a transparent view of module (B) which can be rotatedmanually, and which details attachment and parts (251) fixed and (270)mobile.

FIG. 139 is a sectional view AA of FIG. 138, detailing ventilation duct(266) and (267), together with rotation lever (262).

FIG. 140 is a sectional view BB of FIG. 138, detailing attachment tohousing (261) and adjustment of part (270) by means of (250) and (250).

FIG. 141 is a circuit diagram detailing the commands and functionsapplicable to module (A).

FIG. 142 is a circuit diagram detailing the commands applicable tomodules (A) and the versions thereof, versions (3 bis), sensors(25-A-B-C-D) and (4), and functions for special vehicles, and module(B).

1. Side mirror with a housing including a positioning device for areflective element and at least one integrated and assembled lightsignal emitting module for emitting light signals, said light signalemitting module being covered with a lighting display surface (1)allowing the passage of the light therethrough, said light signals beinggenerated by a light source having a plurality of light pointsconstituted at least in part by LEDS providing light to the front, sideand rear with a restriction so that a driver seated in a vehicle doesnot directly observe said light signals characterised in that said LEDSare high brightness LEDS inserted in an at least in part flexibleprinted circuit (20) capable to suitably adapt to curved shapes with avariable cross-section so that at least two of said light points havedifferent angles of inclination with a suitable orientation providingeither a direct light through said display surface or against areflective part or indirectly through an intermediate optic so that thelight is emitted to the front, side and rear, according to functionalrequirements, determining two differentiated functional areas: a forwardprojection area (F1) or front spot, that complements the vehicle's frontsignals, and, a combined focus area (F2) to the side and rear thatcomplements the side and rear signals and; wherein said flexible printedcircuit (20) is provided with calculated slits (21), whereby the circuitcan be twisted or stretched, arranged at a split-level, or provided withtabs or folds and adapted to curved or flat shapes, or a combinationthereof, so that said flexible printed circuit remains fixed betweenteeth, guides and positioning elements of a support base (24), areflective surface (12) and display surface (1).
 2. Side mirroraccording to claim 1, characterised in that the insertion track ofpositive pole (29), or cathode, of each LED inserted in a flexible partof said at least in part flexible printed circuit has a greater areathan that of the negative pole (23) defining a heat dissipating surfaceoptimising the thermal and lighting operation and duration of the LED.3. Side mirror according to claim 1, characterised in that said lightpoints are made of 20 mA to 350 mA LED chips (30).
 4. Side mirroraccording to claim 3, characterised in that said LED chips are ofvarious shape, optic, wavelength, ranging from 350 nm to 1150 nm, orencapsulation and are prepared to emit signals from any source,providing a multifocal signal comprising three focal points with variousshapes and colours of the light output.
 5. Side mirror according toclaim 1, characterised in that said flexible printed circuit (20) ismade from a flexible material, less than 2 mm thick, selected from thegroup consisting of fibre glass, treated polyester, soft metal or othermaterials with similar flexibility which can withstand the weldingtemperature used to insert said LEDS on the light.
 6. Side mirroraccording to claim 3, characterised in that said LEDS have differentoptics and different wavelengths and are used in the same mixed circuitwhich concentrates the light in a beam or disperses it in the horizontaldirection.
 7. Side mirror according to claim 1, characterised in thatsaid light signal emitting module illuminates with an angle greater than180° measured in the horizontal direction with respect to the drivingaxis and with an angle greater than 30° measured in the verticaldirection.
 8. Side mirror according to claim 7, characterised in thatsaid light signal emitting module covers, wholly or partially, anaccurately lit horizontal angle between 0° and
 270. 9. Side mirroraccording to claim 3, characterised in that said light signal emittingmodule has at least one light point formed by a LED and another lightpoint formed by an incandescent lamp, said light points being joinedelectrically in parallel.
 10. Side mirror according to claim 3,characterised in that said light signal emitting module has at least onelight point formed by an LED and another light point formed by anelectro-luminescent surface.